Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 Högberg K-A, Ekberg I, Norell L & von Arnold S (1998) Integration of somatic embryogenesis in a tree-breeding programme – a case study with Picea abies. Can. J. For. Res. 28 (10): 1536–1545 Högberg K-A, Bozhkov PV, Grönroos R & von Arnold S (2001) Dissection of critical factors affecting ex vitro performance of somatic embryo plants of Norway spruce. Scand. J. For. Res. 16 (4): 295–304 Ingouff M, Farbos I, Lagercrantz U & von Arnold S (2001) PaHB1 is an evolutionary conserved HD-GL2 homeobox gene defining the protoderm during Norway spruce embryo development. Genesis 30: 220–230 Majewska-Sawka A & Nothnagel EA (2000) The multiple roles of arabinogalactan proteins in plant development. Plant Physiol. 122: 3–9 Romberger JA, Hejnowicz Z & Hill JF (1993) The embryo. In: Plant structure, function and development. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Sabala I, Clapham D, Elfstrand M & von Arnold S (2000) Tissue-specific expression of Pa18, a putative lipid transfer protein gene, during embryo development in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Plant Mol. Biol. 42: 461–478 Singh H (1978) Embryology of Gymnosperms. In: Zimmerman W, Carlquist Z, Ozenda P & Wulff HD (eds) Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie (pp. 187–241). Berlin, Stuttgart
Chapter 21 Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis: membrane rafts as a compromise between liquid and solidified media M. Vágner, Z. Vondráková, L. Fischerová & J. Opatrná Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Rozvojová 135, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic. E-mail: vagner@ueb.cas.cz Abstract: Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were cultivated either on solidified media, in liquid media, or on polypropylene membrane rafts (LifeRaft). The cultivation on rafts was found to be the most successful way: the number of developed somatic embryos increased, synchronization of the development was enhanced, and the time necessary for embryo development and maturation was shortened. It was shown that the process could be further improved by insertion of a pre-maturation phase on PGR-free medium between proliferation and maturation steps. Germination frequency remained unchanged. PEG 4000 added to the maturation medium increased the number of developed somatic embryos. PEG in lower concentration (1.87 % (w/v)) still had the significant beneficial effects on embryo numbers and development, but a decrease of germination frequency or increased aberrations of developing root and shoot were not found. On the other hand, PEG in the concentration 5 and 7.5 % (w/v) had a negative effect on the germination of somatic embryos and, in sensitive cell line, 7.5 % (w/v) PEG decreased somatic embryo yield. Key words: conifer, membrane raft, Norway spruce, PEG, Picea abies, somatic embryogenesis Abbreviations: ABA-abscisic acid; 2,4-D - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; BAP - 6benzylaminopurine, N6-benzyl-adenine; IAA - indole-3-acetic acid; PEG - polyethylene glycol; PGR - plant growth regulator 1. Introduction The majority of cultivation protocols for somatic embryogenesis of different coniferous species use solidified media, at least for part of the process. The quality of somatic embryos grown on solidified medium is still higher than that of their counterparts cultivated in liquid medium; germination frequencies thus differ considerably (Tautorus and Dunstan, 295 A.K. Hvoslef-Eide and W. Preil (eds.), Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation, 295–302. © 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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Page 282 and 283: 278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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Page 306 and 307: 304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
Page 316 and 317: 314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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