Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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Induction and growth of tulip 363 Table 1: Effect of medium type on tulip ‘Apeldoorn’ bulblet formation Medium % of embryos formed bulbs Fresh weight of bulblets [mg] solid 30.4 a* 49 a* liquid 78.5 b 160 b *-means followed by the different letters are significantly different at � =0,05 Table 2: Effect of light quality and temperature before chilling period on tulip bulb formation Light, temperature % of embryos formed bulbs Fresh weight of bulblets (mg) white, 20˚C 1.3 a* 59 a* white, 25˚C 11.6 b 149 b red, 25˚C 1.3 a 49 a *-means followed by the different letters are significantly different at � =0,05 Table 3: Effect of medium temperature on percent of tulip embryos formed bulblets Temperature Fresh weight of bulblets (mg) 200 20˚C 4.3 a* 87.4 b* 6.1 a* 2.2 a* 25˚C 15.2 a 35.4 b 24.0 b 25.4 b *-means followed by the different letters are significantly different at � =0,05 Table 4: Effect of light quality after chilling period on tulip bulb formation Light quality % of embryos formed bulbs Fresh weight of bulblets (mg) darkness 4.7 a* 160 b* white 2.3 a 20 a red 1.5 a 114 b *-means followed by the different letters are significantly different at � =0,05 4. Discussion In vitro cultures of ornamental bulbous plants in liquid media are largely employed for bulb vegetative propagation of some species e.g. Lilium (Kim et al., 2001). The present studies focused on the application of liquid culture
364 Anna Bach & Agata Ptak in regeneration of tulip bulblet derived from somatic embryos. It was observed that liquid medium increased the number and fresh weight of ‘Apeldoorn’ adventitious bulblets. Koster (1993) also demonstrated the quick development of tulip stolons and bulblets in liquid medium. Stolon formation in tulip was observed in seedlings and small bulbs (Le Nard and de Hertogh, 1993) as well as in large bulbs, which grow in wet soil. This can explain the formation of stolons in liquid medium. It was also noticed that medium temperature of 25�C and white light applied to embryos prior induction of bulb, strongly improved quality of bulblets. Such results, on the effect of light quality in the development of bulblets have not been reported until now. To induce bulbs, embryos must be chilled (5�C) during 12-weeksperiod in dark while the growth of bulbs was stimulated by liquid media, at 25�C, in darkness. Our observation on the sequence of temperature, which was necessary for the development of tulip bulbs in embryo cultures confirmed previous data of bulb formation in seedling grown in the field (Le Nard and De Hertogh, 1993). The results obtained indicate that it is possible to control the process of tulip bulblet formation in liquid medium and the quality of adventitious bulblets by the optimal temperature and light conditions in embryo cultures. References Bach A & Ptak A (2001) Somatic embryogenesis and plants regeneration from ovaries of Tulipa gesneriana L. in in vitro cultures. Acta Hortic. 560: 390-394 Baker CM, Wilkins HF & Ascher P D (1990) Comparison of precultural treatments and cultural condition on in vitro response of tulip. Acta Hortic. 266: 83-90 Gude H & Dijkema M (1997) Somatic embryogenesis of tulip. Acta Hortic. 430: 275-300 Koster J (1993) In vitro propagation of tulip. Thesis, Univ. of Leiden, The Netherlands Kuijpers AM & Langens-Gerrits M (1997) Propagation of tulip in vitro. Acta Hortic. 430: 321-324 Le Nard M & De Hertogh A (1993) Tulipa. In: The Physiology of Flower Bulbs. (pp. 617-683). Elsevier. Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-479 Nishiuchi Y (1979) Studies on vegetative propagation of tulip. Formation and development of adventitious buds in the excised bulb scale cultured in vitro. J. Japan. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 48: 99-105 Kim YS, Hahn EJ & Paek KY (2001) A large scale production of lilium bulblets through bioreactor culture. Acta Hortic. 560: 383-386 Wright N & A Alderson PG (1980) The growth of tulip tissue in vitro. Acta Hortic. 109: 263-270
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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Page 314 and 315: 312 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
Page 316 and 317: 314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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