Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgement This work was supported by grant No. OC 843.50 (COST) and Z5 038910. References Bozhkov PV, Filonova LH & von Arnold S (2002), A key developmental switch during Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis is induced by withdrawal of growth regulators and is associated with cell death and extracellular acidification. Biotech. Bioeng. 77: 658-667 Bozhkov PV & von Arnold S (1998) Polyethylene glycol promotes maturation but inhibits further development of Picea abies somatic embryos. Physiol. Plant. 104: 211-224 Find JI (1997) Changes in endogenous ABA levels in developing somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) in relation to maturation medium, desiccation and germination Plant Sci. 128: 75-83 Gorbatenko & Hakman I (2001) Desiccation-tolerant somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies) can be produced in liquid cultures and regenerated into plantlets. Int. J. Plant Sci. 162: 1211-1218 Gupta PK & Durzan DJ (1986) Plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from subcultured callus of mature embryos of Picea abies (Norway spruce). In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant 22: 685-688 Luckett DJ, Venkatanagappa S, Darvey NL & Smithard RA (1991) Anther culture of Australian wheat germplasm using modified C-17 medium and membrane rafts. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 18: 357-367 Paek KY, Hahn EJ & Son SH (2001) Application of bioreactors for large-scale micropropagation systems of plants. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.- Plant 37: 149-157 Paques M, Bercetche J & Dumas E (1992) Liquid media to improve and reduce the cost of in vitro conifer propagation. Acta Hortic. 319: 95-100 Paques M, Bercetche J & Palada M (1995) Prospects and limits of somatic embryogenesis of Picea abies. In: Jain SM, Gupta PK & Newton RJ (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants: History, Molecular and Biochemical Aspects, and Applications (pp. 399-414), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Tautorus TE & Dunstan DI (1995), Scale-up of embryogenic plant suspension cultures in bioreactors. In: Jain SM, Gupta PK & Newton RJ (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants: History, Molecular and Biochemical Aspects, and Applications (pp. 265-292), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Vágner M, Kumstý�ová L, Opatrná J & Vondráková Z (2001) Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis: Bottlenecks of the method. (pp. 28-29) Proc. COST 843, WG 2, Thessaloniki, September 22.-25.2001 Vágner M, Vondráková Z, Strnadová Z, Eder J & Machá�ková I (1998) Endogenous levels of plant growth hormones during early stages of somatic embryogenesis of Picea abies. Adv. Hort. Sci. 12: 11-18 Vágner M, Vondráková Z, Kumstý�ová L, Opatrná J, Cvikrová M, Eder J, Van�k T & Machá�ková I (2000) Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis. (pp. 15-16) Proc. COST 843, WG 2 Meeting, July 2000, Tampere, Finland Watad AA, Kochba M, Nissim A & Gaba V (1995) Improvement of Aconitum napelus micropropagation by liquid culture on floating membrane rafts. Plant Cell Rep. 14: 345-348
Chapter 22 Picea abies somatic embryo development from suspension cultures and agar-based cultures: a comparison Christopher Hunter & Lionel Levy University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, England. E-mail: Christopher.Hunter@uwe.ac.uk Abstract: Embryogenic suspensor mass derived from a zygotic embryo cotyledon of Picea abies (L.) Karst. was propagated either in suspension culture or on agar-based 'proliferation medium’ (Vagner, 1998), then transferred to agar-based 'maturation medium’ for the development of somatic embryos. The 'maturation' medium was supplemented with silver nitrate at either 0, 1, 10 or 100µmol. Cultures were transferred to fresh medium weekly, for 10 weeks, during which numerical and photographic records of somatic embryo development were kept for each culture (n = 14 for each treatment). For cultures originating from both suspension and agar-based systems, there was approximately a two to three-fold increase in the number of Stage IV somatic embryos in media that had been supplemented with silver nitrate. Key words: embryogenic suspensor mass (ESM), mass-propagation, silver nitrate Abbreviations: COST - EU Action in Co-operation in Science and Technology; DW – dry weight; ESM - embryogenic suspensor mass; FW – fresh weight; SE - somatic embryo 1. Introduction Picea abies (L.) Karst. remains the backbone of much European forestry both for timber and paper pulp. Whilst selected tree provenances provide seed-tree populations which give rise to seedling-derived forests with enhanced agronomic properties, the mass-propagation of elite genotypes of P. abies through somatic embryogenesis remains a target for large-scale plantings of mixed clones. Systems that enhance the numbers and quality of propagules contribute to that objective and much work has been undertaken investigating various media and growing techniques in vitro to enhance propagule yields. 303 A.K. Hvoslef-Eide and W. Preil (eds.), Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation, 303–312. © 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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