Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Mortensen LM & Gislerød HR (1989) Effect of CO 2, air humidity, and nutrient solution concentration on growth and transpiration of Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch. Gartenbauwissenschaft 54 (4): 184-189 Niedz RP (1994) Growth of embryogenic sweet orange callus on media varying in the ratio of nitrate to ammonium nitrogen. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 39: 1-5 Papathanasiou F, Selby C & Harvey BMR (1996) Soluble iron lost from MS medium preexposed to light but growth of potato plantlets is not inhibited. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 46: 117-121 Pryce S, Lumsden PJ, Berger F & Leifert C (1993) Effect of macronutrient nutrition on Delphinium shoot cultures. J. Hort. Sci. 68: 807-813 Pryce S, Lumsden PJ, Berger F & Leifert C (1994) Effect of macronutrient nutrition on Iris shoot cultures. In: Lumsden PJ, Nicholas JR & Davies WJ (eds) Physiology, growth and development of plants in culture (pp. 67-71). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Roche TD & Cassells AC (1996) Gaseous and media-related factors influencing in vitro morphogenesis of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) ‘Nahodka’ node cultures. Acta Hort. 440: 588-593 Sonneveld C (2002) Composition of nutrient solutions. In: Saavas D & Passam H (eds) Hydroponic production of vegetables and ornamentals. Embryo publications, Athens, Greece. ISBN 960-8002-12-5 Stensvand A & Gislerød HR (1992) The effect of the NO3/NH4 ratio on the nutrient solution on growth and mineral uptake in Chrysanthemum x morifolium, Passiflora caerulea, and Cordyline fruticosa. Gartenbauwissenschaft 57 (4): 193-198 Strobel J, Hieke M, Gebauer E, Wind E & Gröger D (1990) The influence of organic and inorganic chemical factors on cell growth and anthraquinone formation in suspension culture of Gallium vernum. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 186: 117-124
Chapter 37 Adaptions of the mineral composition of tissue culture media on the basis of plant elemental analysis and composition of hydroponic substrates Han Bouman* & Annemiek Tiekstra Applied Plant Research, Wageningen UR, Group Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, P.O.Box 85, 2160 AB LISSE, The Netherlands. *Requests for offprints: E-mail: Han.Bouman@wur.nl. Abstract: For the improvement of in vitro propagation protocols of Gerbera and Cymbidium, we adapted the macronutrients according to the elemental composition of adult leaves. In comparison with normally used media, in particular, the Ca and P concentrations were much higher. Using the adapted media, for both crops growth was much improved. The relative concentrations of macronutrients in these modified media formulations is much more in accordance with the mineral composition of nutrient solutions used in hydroponic cultures. For Gerbera, we also made adaptations to the micronutrients according to the elemental composition of nutrient media in hydroponics (viz., increased Cu-content and decreased Mncontent). This resulted in additional improvement of growth; by this adaptation, the plants became larger and also greener (only with the Cu adaptation). Key words: Cymbidium, Gerbera, hydroponics, mineral nutrients Abbreviations: CAM – Cymbidium adapted medium; DKW – Driver and Kuniyuki walnut medium (1984); DW-dry weight; FW – fresh weight; GAM – Gerbera adapted medium; MS – Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) 1. Introduction For the development of in vitro propagation protocols, most usually, research is carried out to obtain optimal auxin and cytokinin concentrations. Modifying the mineral composition of the medium is an alternative or additional strategy to improve propagation, but examining dose-response curves for the various elements and their interactions to identify optimal concentrations is excessively time-consuming. Therefore, usually, either a 493 A.K. Hvoslef-Eide and W. Preil (eds.), Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation, 493–505. © 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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Page 442 and 443: 444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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Page 448 and 449: 450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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Page 454 and 455: 456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
Page 456 and 457: Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Page 472 and 473: 476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
Page 474 and 475: 478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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Page 478 and 479: 482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
Page 480 and 481: 484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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Page 484 and 485: 488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
Page 486 and 487: 490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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Page 502 and 503: V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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Page 530 and 531: 536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
Page 532 and 533: Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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