Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil Figure 6: Effect of 0.5 mg l -1 IAA (A) and 1.0 mg l -1 NAA (B) on rooting of Phalaenopsis cv. Jaunina after 8-week culture. 1.0 mg l -1 NAA induced thick roots and inhibited shoot elongation. The highest percentage of rooted shoots (93.8 %) and highest root number (3.7 roots per shoot) were achieved in 1.0 mg l -1 IAA-containing medium after exposure to six immersions per day. The increase of fresh weight was 3.7-fold. Two immersions per day resulted in an overall average of 63.5 % of rooted shoots. Four and six immersions gave rise to 88.7 % and 87.4 % rooted shoots, respectively (Figure 7). The fresh weight increase was 2.2fold when two immersions per day were applied and reached 3.3-fold after application of four and six immersions per day. The survival rate of plants rooted in TIS under different experimental conditions was determined in the greenhouse after 42 days of acclimatization. On average 94 % of the plants survived. There was no significant statistical difference between plants from different TIS precultures.
Application of temporary immersion in Phalaenopsis 239 Rooted shoots (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 A 2 4 8 Immersions per day B B Figure 7: Percentage of rooted shoots of Phalaenopsis cv. Jaunina after 8-week culture differing in two, four or six immersions per day. Different letters indicate significant differences according to analysis of variance (p = 0.010). 4. Discussion Rapid micropropagation of Phalaenopsis on solid media has been described by several authors in the last decade. For example Tokuhara and Mii (1993) obtained more than 10,000 protocorm-like bodies (PLB) from one flower stalk within one year. Further, Duan et al. (1996) produced 2,300 plantlets per single cytokinin-treated stem after one-year-culture. Park et al. (2002) described a rapid propagation method using floral stem-derived leaves which ensures plantlet production from culture initiation to transplantation to pots after approximately six months. Somaclonal variants were rarely found. Variation in flower morphology (1.5 % of the total of 1,360 somaclones) were identified by Chen et al. (1998) in Phalaenopsis derived from PLBs. No variation was observed in flowering plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis (Ishii et al., 1998). A considerable increase in propagation of PLBs was obtained by Park et al. (2000) who harvested about 18,000 PLBs from 20 g of inoculum after eight weeks of incubation in a temporary-immersion bioreactor. The intention of experiments presented here was to induce adventitious shoots in TIS instead of PLBs or somatic embryos, since manipulation of shoots is more practical for commercial laboratories.
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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Page 194 and 195: Temporary immersion system: a new c
Page 206 and 207: 198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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Page 210 and 211: 202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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Page 214 and 215: 206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
Page 216 and 217: 208 Elio Jiménez González germina
Page 218 and 219: 210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Page 232 and 233: Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Page 238 and 239: 232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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Page 250 and 251: 244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
Page 252 and 253: 246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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Page 258 and 259: Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
Page 260 and 261: Optimisation of growing conditions
Page 268 and 269: 264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
Page 270 and 271: 266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
Page 272 and 273: 268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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Page 280 and 281: 276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
Page 282 and 283: 278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
Page 284 and 285: 280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
Page 286 and 287: Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
Page 288 and 289: Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
Page 290 and 291: Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
Page 292 and 293: Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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