Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

More documents

Recommendations

Info

444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Hosta, uses semi-solid agar-based media. Hosta micropropagated on liquid media in shaker flasks had greater dry weights than from agar medium (Adelberg et. al., 2000). The plants from liquid media also acclimatized and grew at a faster rate in the mist bed and outdoor nursery than plants from agar. Acclimatization requires functional changes in leaf anatomy - cuticle, stomata, and mesophyll, and conductive functions in vessel and root systems, before water relations and photosynthetic competence are balanced for growth (Ziv, 1995). Carbohydrates accumulated in vitro, are necessary for plant metabolism ex vitro until photosynthetic growth is established (Williams, 1995). It is possible that Hosta from liquid culture have greater carbohydrate reserves, in addition to greater dry weights. Labour is the largest cost component in micropropagation (Chu, 1995). Liquid culture allows innovative methods in workstation mechanization for the cutting and transfer during subculture. Further savings in media preparation (labour and materials), dishwashing and the manual removal of sugar-containing agar from plants prior to planting-out, is realized in liquid systems. Mechanical cutters and large liquid culture vessels allows cost reductions greater than 50% to be predicted (Gross and Levin, 1998). A man-motion study of technician activities showed 'sorting and placing' buds in fresh media required 45% of the time at the transfer station (Alper et al., 1994). A 'cut and dump process' was demonstrated for shoot bud clusters, where labour was reduced by non-oriented cutting and bulk transfer of buds into a vessel of soft agar. With 'cut and dump', yield per vessel was reduced to 41%, but overall system efficiency increased by a factor of 4.8 (Alper et al., 1994). Hosta buds grown in agitated shaker flasks of liquid were obviously never oriented or spaced by the technician and grew, at least as well as, those planted carefully in semi-solid agar (Adelberg et al., 2000). Liquid micropropagation systems may simultaneously reduce inputs and increase quality of the propagated plants, but will only be implemented when a system is deemed easily adapted and cost-effective for an industry. Mechanized systems for temporary immersion in liquid media have been designed and allow vigorous growth of high quality plants while increasing the efficiency of labour and laboratory shelf space (Etienne and Berthouly, 2002). The first such system, a tilting rocker for flasks, was described twenty years ago (Harris and Mason, 1983) with no further reports since that time. A simplified, scaled-up rocker was designed, fabricated and tested (Figure 1; Adelberg and Simpson, 2002) to intermittently wet tissue by slowly moving wave fronts in large rectangular vessels (e.g. Nalgene Biosafe, Nalge Nunc Intl., Inc.). High vessel costs, the large number of mechanical parts in each Biosafe vessel, and the failure of this vessel to maintain asepsis during multiple uses, prompted work with Southern Sun
Efficiency in thin-film liquid system 445 Figure 1: Agitated thin-film rocker system is a simple, temporary-immersion liquid culture. Figure 2: Rectangular vessels facilitated a slow moving wave of media to migrate the length of the vessel with the motion of the shelf.
Page 2 and 3:
LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
Page 4 and 5:
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Contributing Authors xiii
Page 8 and 9:
Liquid culture systems for in vitro
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
Page 18 and 19:
Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
Page 20 and 21:
General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
Page 22 and 23:
General introduction 5 rooted in gr
Page 24 and 25:
General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
Page 26 and 27:
General introduction 9 the bioreact
Page 28 and 29:
General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
Page 30 and 31:
General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
Page 32 and 33:
General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
Page 34 and 35:
General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
Page 36 and 37:
I. Bioreactors
Page 38 and 39:
22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
Page 40 and 41:
24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
Page 42 and 43:
26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
Page 44 and 45:
28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
Page 46 and 47:
30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
Page 48 and 49:
32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
Page 50 and 51:
34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
Page 52 and 53:
36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
Page 54 and 55:
38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
Page 56 and 57:
40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
Page 58 and 59:
42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
Page 78 and 79:
Practical aspects of bioreactor app
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
Page 96 and 97:
Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
Page 112 and 113:
98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
Page 114 and 115:
100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
Page 116 and 117:
102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
Page 118 and 119:
104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
Page 120 and 121:
106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
Page 122 and 123:
108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
Page 124 and 125:
110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
Page 126 and 127:
112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
Page 128 and 129:
114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
Page 130 and 131:
116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
Page 132 and 133:
118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
Page 134 and 135:
120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
Page 136 and 137:
122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
Page 138 and 139:
124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
Page 140 and 141:
Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
Page 142 and 143:
Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
Page 158 and 159:
146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
Page 160 and 161:
148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
Page 162 and 163:
150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
Page 164 and 165:
152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
Page 166 and 167:
Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
Page 168 and 169:
Control of growth and differentiati
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
Page 176 and 177:
Temporary immersion system: a new c
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
Page 208 and 209:
200 Elio Jiménez González Several
Page 210 and 211:
202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
Page 212 and 213:
204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
Page 214 and 215:
206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
Page 216 and 217:
208 Elio Jiménez González germina
Page 218 and 219:
210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
Page 220 and 221:
Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
Page 222 and 223:
Use of growth retardants for banana
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
Page 234 and 235:
Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
Page 236 and 237:
Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
Page 238 and 239:
232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
Page 240 and 241:
234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
Page 242 and 243:
236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
Page 244 and 245:
238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
Page 246 and 247:
240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
Page 248 and 249:
242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
Page 250 and 251:
244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
Page 252 and 253:
246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
Page 254 and 255:
248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
Page 256 and 257:
250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
Page 258 and 259:
Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
Page 260 and 261:
Optimisation of growing conditions
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
Page 270 and 271:
266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
Page 272 and 273:
268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
Page 274 and 275:
270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
Page 276 and 277:
272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
Page 278 and 279:
274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
Page 280 and 281:
276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
Page 282 and 283:
278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
Page 284 and 285:
280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
Page 286 and 287:
Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
Page 288 and 289:
Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
Page 290 and 291:
Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
Page 292 and 293:
Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
Page 294 and 295:
Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
Page 296 and 297:
Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
Page 298 and 299:
296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
Page 300 and 301:
298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
Page 302 and 303:
300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
Page 304 and 305:
302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
Page 306 and 307:
304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
Page 318 and 319:
316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
Page 320 and 321:
318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
Page 322 and 323:
320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
Page 324 and 325:
322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
Page 326 and 327:
324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
Page 328 and 329:
326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
Page 330 and 331:
328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
Page 332 and 333:
330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
Page 334 and 335:
332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
Page 336 and 337:
334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
Page 338 and 339:
Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
Page 340 and 341:
Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
Page 342 and 343:
Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
Page 344 and 345:
Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
Page 346 and 347:
Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
Page 348 and 349:
Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
Page 362 and 363:
Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
Page 364 and 365:
Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
Page 366 and 367:
Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
Page 368 and 369:
Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
Page 370 and 371:
Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
Page 372 and 373:
Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
Page 374 and 375:
Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
Page 376 and 377:
Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
Page 378 and 379:
Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
Page 380 and 381:
Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
Page 382 and 383:
Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
Page 384 and 385:
Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
Page 386 and 387:
Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
Page 388 and 389:
Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
Page 390 and 391:
Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
Page 392 and 393: Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
Page 402 and 403: Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
Page 404 and 405: Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
Page 406 and 407: Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
Page 408 and 409: Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
Page 410 and 411: Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
Page 412 and 413: Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
Page 414 and 415: Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
Page 416 and 417: A new approach for automation 417 (
Page 418 and 419: A new approach for automation 419 p
Page 420 and 421: A new approach for automation 421 T
Page 422 and 423: A new approach for automation 423 D
Page 424 and 425: 426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
Page 426 and 427: 428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
Page 428 and 429: 430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
Page 430 and 431: 432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
Page 432 and 433: 434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
Page 434 and 435: 436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
Page 436 and 437: 438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
Page 438 and 439: 440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
Page 440 and 441: 442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
Page 444 and 445: 446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
Page 446 and 447: 448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
Page 448 and 449: 450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
Page 450 and 451: 452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
Page 452 and 453: 454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
Page 454 and 455: 456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
Page 456 and 457: Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
Page 458 and 459: Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
Page 472 and 473: 476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
Page 474 and 475: 478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
Page 476 and 477: 480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
Page 478 and 479: 482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
Page 480 and 481: 484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
Page 482 and 483: 486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
Page 484 and 485: 488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
Page 486 and 487: 490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
Page 488 and 489: 492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
Page 490 and 491: 494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
Page 492 and 493:
496 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
Page 504 and 505:
510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
Page 506 and 507:
512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
Page 508 and 509:
514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
Page 510 and 511:
516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
Page 512 and 513:
518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
Page 514 and 515:
520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
Page 516 and 517:
522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
Page 518 and 519:
524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
Page 520 and 521:
526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
Page 522 and 523:
528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
Page 524 and 525:
530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
Page 526 and 527:
532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
Page 528 and 529:
534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
Page 530 and 531:
536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
Page 532 and 533:
Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
Page 534 and 535:
Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
Page 536 and 537:
Page 538 and 539:
Page 540 and 541:
Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
Page 542 and 543:
Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
Page 548 and 549:
Page 550 and 551:
558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
Page 552 and 553:
560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
Page 554 and 555:
562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
Page 556 and 557:
564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
Page 558 and 559:
Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
Page 560 and 561:
Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
Page 562 and 563:
Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
Page 564 and 565:
Production of taxanes 573 various T
Page 566 and 567:
Acknowledgments The editors thank t
Page 568 and 569:
578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
Page 570 and 571:
580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
Page 572 and 573:
582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
Page 574 and 575:
584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
Page 576 and 577:
586 Contents plant growth regulator
Page 578:
588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
show all

Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?