Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4 Description of the new TIS The system consisted of a 500 ml polycarbonate vessel in the top of which a pneumatic cylinder was positioned. The piston of the cylinder was connected to a plastic basket with holes through which the liquid medium passes when immersed (Figures 5a and 5b). Plant material was placed in the basket, which periodically was immersed in the medium. The pneumatic cylinder was connected with an air pump and its movement was controlled by compressed air that did not enter into the vessels, intended to reduce the possibility of contamination. The frequency and duration of immersions were controlled by a timer connected to an electro-pneumatic 5/2 valve. The compressed air passed through two 0.2 µm micropore filters providing additional protection. All components were autoclavable. 2.5 Experiments Single node segments, bearing two opposite buds taken from the above- mentioned stock cultures, were used as explants for all treatments.The experiments followed a complete randomised design, with at least 40 replications. The Student’s t-test was used to compare data from the temperature treatments. For liquid medium treatments, analysis of variance was performed with the General Linear Model procedure (SPSS 8.0 statistical package) and mean separation with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Significance was recorded at P� 0.05. 3. Results 3.1 Effect of temperature Cultures grown at 28 o C formed 1.75 new microshoots per explant, while those at 22 o C produced 1.40 shoots. Shoot length was 3.41 and 3.08 cm respectively. Neither parameters was significantly different (Table 1). However, the number of nodes was significantly higher at 28 o C (11.22) than that at 22 o C (8.95). The internodal length was reduced from 0.34 cm at 22 o C to 0.30 cm at 28 o C (Table 1). Microshoot length increased faster at 28 o C than that at 22 o C, but shoot tip necrosis was noticed in microshoots developed at 28 o C after 60 days of culture, while those at 22 o C continued to grow till the 105 th day (Figures 1, 2a and 2b). Hyperhydricity did not appear either at 22 o C or at 28 o C.
Experimental use of a novel temporary immersion system 267 Table 1: Olive cv. Chondrolia Chalkidikis microshoot development at 28° C and 22° C in agar solidified medium, after 105 days of culture No. of new microshoots per explant Shoot length (cm) No. of nodes Internodal length (cm) T 28°C 1.75±0.66 3.41±1.75 11.22±3.43* 0.30±0.10* T 22°C 1.40±0.60 3.08±2.13 8.95±2.99* 0.34±0.26* * Statistically significant difference by Student’s t-test (P� 0.05). Table 2: Effect of agar solidified and liquid medium on olive cv. Chondrolia Chalkidikis microshoot development, after 30 days of culture at 28° C No. of new shoots/explant Percentage of buds developed into shoots Average shoot length (cm) Control (agar solidified) 1.75 ab 89 1.22 ab LifeReactor © 0.35 c 18 0.40 cd Filter bridges 0.43 c 22 0.32 d Erlenmeyer flasks 1.93 a 97 0.40 cd TIS 10 days + 20 days agar solidified medium TIS 20 days + 10 days agar solidified medium 0.64 c 32 1.40 a 1.41b 71 0.70 c TIS 30 days 1.93 a 97 0.95 bc Different letters within columns indicate significant differences (P� 0.05).
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Page 250 and 251: 244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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Page 268 and 269: 264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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Page 284 and 285: 280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
Page 286 and 287: Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
Page 288 and 289: Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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