Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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504 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra 5. Conclusion The advantages of using media adapted for specific crops instead of general media such as MS are clear: using media adapted according to the elemental composition of plant tissue or of nutrient solutions in hydroponics, substantial improvements for in vitro propagation of two species have been made. Using this approach, improvements were also found for in vitro propagation of other species including rose, apple and Dahlia. Often the effect was more profound after the in vitro phase; e.g., rose plantlets grew much better after micro-elemental adaptations, although no significant differences were found during the in vitro phase. We conclude that it can be valuable for improvement of in vitro propagation to apply the strategy of adapting the mineral content of tissue culture media to the elemental analysis of the plant. If the species is grown in hydroponics, adaptations derived from hydroponic substrate composition can have very beneficial effects too. Acknowledgements PT Trade Board for Horticulture and The Ministry for Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries supported this research. We thank B. Morris for technical assistance, and G.J de Klerk for reading the manuscript. References Amiri ME (2001) Mineral uptake by banana (Musa acuminata L.) explant in vitro. Acta Hortic. 560: 387-389 Anonymous (1999) Bemestingsadviesbasis Glastuinbouw IKC Akker- en Tuinbouw, afd. Glasgroente, Aalsmeer & Naaldwijk, Netherlands Avila A de L, Pereyra SM & Argüello JA (1998) Nitrogen concentration and proportion of NH4 + -N affect potato cultivar response in solid and liquid media. Hort. Science 33: 336-338 Bergmann W (1992) Nutritional disorders of plants. Fischer, Jena Bouman H, Morris B & Tiekstra A (2001) Development of new tissue culture media, using the relation between mineral composition of plant and medium. Acta Hortic. 560: 373-376 Bouman H & Tiekstra A (2001) Mineral nutrition in tissue culture: Influence on propagation and quality of the plantlets. In: Horst WJ et al. (eds) Plant Nutrition - Food Security and Sustainability of Agro-Ecosystems (pp. 316-317). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht Cos Terrer J & Frutos Tomas D (2001) Determination of macronutrients to be included in vitro culture media according to leaf concentrations. J.Horticult. Sci. Biotech. 76: 484-488 Dahleen LS (1995) Improved plant regeneration from barley callus cultures by increased Cu levels. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 43: 267-269
Adaptions of the mineral composition of culture media 505 Dalton CC, Iqbal K & Turner DA (1983) Fe P precipitation in Murashige & Skoog media. Physiol. Plant. 57: 472-476 Driver JA & Kuniyuki AH (1984) In vitro propagation of Paradox walnut rootstock. Hort. Science 19: 507-509 George EF (1993) Plant propagation by tissue culture. Part 1. The Technology (pp. 292-295 and 344-361), and Part 2. In Practice (pp. 579-581). Exegetics Ltd., Edington, Great Britain Henry M, Fulcheri C & Morard P (1999) Development of new plant tissue culture media. In: Altman A et al. (eds) Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Biotechnology in the 21st Century (pp. 647-650). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht Kintzios S, Drossopoulos, JB & Lympropoulos C (2001) Effects of vitamins and inorganic nutrients on callus growth and somatic embryogenesis from leaves of chilli pepper. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 67: 55-62 Monteiro ACB de A, Higashi EN, Goncalves AN & Rodriguez APM (2000) A novel approach for the definition of the inorganic medium components for micropropagation of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.- Plant 36: 527-531 Murashige T & Skoog FL (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497 Rugini E (1984) In vitro propagation of some olive (Olea europea sativa L.) cultivars with different rootability, and medium development using analytical data from developing shoots and embryos. Scientia Hortic. 24: 123-124 Schenk N, Hsiao KC & Bornman CH (1991) Avoidance of precipitation and carbohydrate breakdown in autoclaved plant tissue culture media. Plant Cell Rep. 10: 115-119 Scholten HJ & Pierik RLM (1998a) Agar as a gelling agent: differential biological effects in vitro. Scientia Hortic. 77: 109-116 Scholten HJ & Pierik RLM (1998b) Agar as a gelling agent: chemical and physical analysis. Plant Cell Rep. 17: 230-235 Singha S, Oberl GH & Townsend EC (1987) Changes in nutrient composition and pH of the culture medium during in vitro shoot proliferation of crab apple and pear. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 11: 209-220
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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Page 454 and 455: 456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
Page 456 and 457: Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Page 472 and 473: 476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
Page 474 and 475: 478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
Page 476 and 477: 480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
Page 478 and 479: 482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
Page 480 and 481: 484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
Page 482 and 483: 486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
Page 484 and 485: 488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
Page 486 and 487: 490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
Page 488 and 489: 492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
Page 490 and 491: 494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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Page 526 and 527: 532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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Page 532 and 533: Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Page 540 and 541: Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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