Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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Cultivation of root cultures of Panax 541 1. Rocking temporary immersion system of our own construction (Figure 1b) 2. Simple airlift bioreactor (Figure 2b) 3. “Mafe” ½ l Bioreactor (Figure 3b) 4. RITA® – temporary immersion system (Figure 4b) 5. “Applikon” Bioreactor (Applikon, Netherlands) with total volume of 3 litre (Figure 5b) 6. Control: 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks on a rotary shaker (125 rpm) (Figure 6b) The roots were inoculated in culture vessels according to vessel volume (approx. 1 g per 100 ml) and cultivated for period of two months with the exception of simple airlift reactor where the roots were cultivated for three months. Cultivation was in dark at 24 ± 1 °C. The Rocking TIS of our own construction is made of steel vessel (width 150 mm, length 240 mm, high 50 mm). Roots were placed on polyurethane foam floating loose in liquid medium in the reactor. Mixing was provided by rocking the reactor (Figure 1b). The simple airlift bubble reactor made from a glass separation funnel was of a simple conical shape with gas-sparged mixing. The aeration was provided by air entering by a glass pipe from the top opening through a sparger at the bottom and as the air bubbles rise the biomass is lifted and the oxygen required is provided (Figure 2b). “Mafe” (New Brunswick Scientific Co., INC., USA), a simple ½-litre bioreactor (i.d. 90 mm, height 160 mm) was assembled from an agitator, agitated by magnetic mixer, and a semipermeable silicone tubing system providing aeration. The culture was placed on the top of the supporting plate, which was perforated (10 holes (Ø 1 mm) per cm 2 ) and mounted 10 mm under medium level. The agitation ensured regular distribution of nutrients and dissolved gasses in the medium (Nepovim and Vanek, 1998) (Figure 3b). RITA® (Vitropic s.a., France), temporary immersion system. Roots were placed on a polyurethane foam disc fixed in the upper container. The upper basket is mounted above a bell immersed in liquid medium. Flooding was set to 5 min h -1 and is provided by pressure applied to sterile air in the lower container which pushes the liquid medium into the upper container holding the roots for 5 min (Figure 4b). In the “Applikon ® ” (Applikon, The Netherlands) glass autoclavable bioreactor with a stirred tank, the aeration was provided by a steel pipe ending in a sparger at the bottom of a glass tank. Mixing was set to 60 rpm (Figure 5b).
542 Tomáš Vanek et al. Saponin content (mg/g dr.wt.) Saponin content (mg/g dr.wt.) 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 Rg1,Re Rf Rb1 Rb2 Rc Rd Particular ginsenosides Figure 1: Results from (la) rocking TIS of our own construction (1b) Rg1,Re Rf Rb1 Rb2 Rc Rd Particular ginsenosides Figure 2: Results from (2a) simple airlift bioreactor of conical shape made of separation funnel (2b) Saponin content (mg/g dr.wt.) 1a 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 Rg1,Re Rf Rb1 Rb2 Rc Rd Particular ginsenosides 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b Figure 3: Results from (3a) MAFE, ½ litre Bioreactor (3b)
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
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General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
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General introduction 9 the bioreact
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General introduction 11 (TIS), resu
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General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
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General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
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General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
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I. Bioreactors
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22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
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24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
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26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
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28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
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30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
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32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
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34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
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36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
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38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
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40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
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42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
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Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
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Practical aspects of bioreactor app
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Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Simple bioreactors for mass propaga
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96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
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98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
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100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
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102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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104 K. Y. Paek et al. cosmetics, wh
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106 K. Y. Paek et al. protocol, mor
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108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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Page 520 and 521: 526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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Page 526 and 527: 532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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Page 530 and 531: 536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
Page 532 and 533: Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
Page 536 and 537: Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
Page 538 and 539: Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
Page 540 and 541: Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
Page 542 and 543: Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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Page 556 and 557: 564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
Page 558 and 559: Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
Page 560 and 561: Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
Page 562 and 563: Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
Page 564 and 565: Production of taxanes 573 various T
Page 566 and 567: Acknowledgments The editors thank t
Page 568 and 569: 578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
Page 570 and 571: 580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
Page 572 and 573: 582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
Page 574 and 575: 584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
Page 576 and 577: 586 Contents plant growth regulator
Page 578: 588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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