Liquid Culture Systems for in vitro Plant Propagation

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58 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the cooperation in COST87 and COST822, especially that of Walter Preil and his co-workers in Ahrensburg, Germany, for continuous support during the construction of the bioreactor suite. The embryogenic Cyclamen culture (cell line 3738-VIII) was generously shared with us through COST822 by Hans-Georg Schwenkel and his co-workers in Erfurt, Germany. The building of these bioreactors would not have been possible without the engineers in the NLH workshop; John Granly and Arne Svendsen. Tom Ringstad has been invaluable in his technical support at all times. We also acknowledge invaluable assistance from technicians in the Plant Cell Laboratory with the growth of various cultures over the years; Anne Nilsen, Jens P. Jensen, Tone I. Eliassen and Tone I. Melby. The Norwegian Research Council is thanked for financing the project of construction and building through The Biotechnology Programme in Agriculture. References Bakken T (1992) Adaptiv regulering av bioreaktor. M.Sc. Thesis, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Division of Engineering Cybernetics. In Norwegian Cazzulino D, Pedersen H & Chin C-K (1991) Bioreactors and image analysis for scale-up and plant propagation. In: Vasil IK (ed) Scale-up and Automation in Plant Propagation (pp. 147-178). Academic Press, New York Glick BR & Pasternak JJ (1998) Molecular Biotechnology. Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA. 2 nd Ed (pp. 399-425). ASM Press, Washington DC Heyerdahl PH, Olsen OAS & Hvoslef-Eide AK (1995) Engineering aspects of plant propagation in bioreactors. In: Aitken-Christie J, Kozai T & Smith MAL (eds). Automation and Environmental Control in Plant Tissue Culture (pp. 87-123). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Hvoslef-Eide AK & Heyerdahl PH (1992) Development and Construction of Bioreactors at NLH. COST 87, Regeneration in Suspension Culture WG, Ås/Drøbak 24-26 September 1992 Hvoslef-Eide AK & Munster C (1997) Use of bioreactors to propagate Cyclamen persicum by somatic embryogenesis. COST 822 Working Group 2 Meeting, Amiens, France, 4-7 September 1997 Hvoslef-Eide AK & Munster C (1998) Somatic embryogenesis in Cyclamen persicum Mill. through the use of bioreactors. Proc. Int. Plant. Prop. Soc. (IPPS) Vol 47: 377-382. ISSN: 0538-9143 Hvoslef-Eide AK & Munster C (2001) Light quality effects on somatic embryogenesis of Cyclamen persicum Mill. in bioreactors. In: Schwenkel H-G (ed) Reproduction of Cyclamen persicum Mill. through somatic embryogenesis using suspension culture systems (pp. 79-84). Report of Working Group 2, COST 822, European Commission, ISBN 92-894-0249-0
Bioreactor design for propagation 59 Hvoslef-Eide AK (2000) Bioreactor cultures of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). 4 th Int. Symp. on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding, Tampere, Finland, July 2 nd -July 7 th 2000. ISSN: 0006-3088 Hohe A, Winkelmann T & Schwenkel HG (1999a) CO 2 accumulation in bioreactor suspension cultures of Cyclamen persicum Mill. and its effect on cell growth and regeneration of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Rep. 18: 863-867 Hohe A, Winkelmann T & Schwenkel HG (1999b) The effect of oxygen partial pressure in bioreactors on cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 59: 39-45 Hohe A, Winkelmann T & Schwenkel HG (2001) Development of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. in liquid culture. Gartenbauwissenschaft 66: 219-224 Kolstad T (1991) Modellering og regulering av bioreaktorer. M.Sc. Thesis, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Division of Engineering Cybernetics (in Norwegian) Kvaalen H (1997) Some preliminary results with embryogenic cell suspensions of Norway spruce cultured in bioreactors. COST 822 Working Group 2, 5-8 Sept 1996, Sanremo, Italy. COST 822 Development of integrated systems for large-scale propagation of elite plants using in vitro techniques. Report of activities 1996. European Commission 1997, 338 pp, ISBN 92-828-2631-7 Luttmann, R, Florek, P & Preil, W (1993) Silicone-tubing aerated bioreactors for somatic embryo production. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 39 (2): 157-170 Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497 Myhre G (1991) Overvåking og regulering av bioreaktorer. M.Sc. Thesis, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Division of Engineering Cybernetics (in Norwegian) Olsen OAS & Heyerdahl PH (1994) Symbolic access to embedded controllers. The C Users Journal, March pp 21-31 Preil W (1991) Application of bioreactors in plant propagation. In: Debergh, PC & Zimmerman R H (eds) Micropropagation: Technology and Application (pp. 425-445). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Preil W, Florek P, Wix U & Beck A (1988) Towards mass propagation by use of bioreactors. Acta Hortic. 226: 99-106 Schwenkel HG & Winkelmann T (1998) Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from ovules of Cyclamen persicum Mill. Plant Tiss. Cult. Biotechnol. 4: 28-34 Siebel MA (1992) Batch reactors. In: Jenkins R O, Leach C K & Mijnbeek G (eds) Bioreactor Design and Product Yield (pp. 103-113). Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Takayama S & Akita M (1994) The types of bioreactors used for shoots and embryos. Plant Cell, Tiss. Org. Cult. 39: 147-156 Widholm JM (1972) The use of fluorescin diacetat and phenosafranine for determining viability of cultures plant cells. Stain Technol. 47: 198-194 Winkelmann T, Hohe A & Schwenkel H-G (1998) Establishing embryogenic suspension cultures in Cyclamen persicum 'Purple Flamed'. Adv. Hort. Sci. 12: 25-30
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LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR IN VITRO
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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this
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Contents Contributing Authors xiii
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Liquid culture systems for in vitro
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Contributing Authors Adelberg, J. 4
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Preface Plant cell, tissue and orga
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Chapter 1 General introduction: a p
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General introduction 3 2. Cell susp
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General introduction 5 rooted in gr
Page 24 and 25: General introduction 7 (Winkelmann
Page 26 and 27: General introduction 9 the bioreact
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Page 30 and 31: General introduction 13 Barz W, Rei
Page 32 and 33: General introduction 15 Hohe A, Win
Page 34 and 35: General introduction 17 Shimazu T &
Page 36 and 37: I. Bioreactors
Page 38 and 39: 22 Wayne R. Curtis 1. Introduction
Page 40 and 41: 24 Wayne R. Curtis headspace double
Page 42 and 43: 26 Wayne R. Curtis that is required
Page 44 and 45: 28 Wayne R. Curtis C L y � P O2
Page 46 and 47: 30 Wayne R. Curtis since there is a
Page 48 and 49: 32 Wayne R. Curtis 5 cm 30 cm 30 o
Page 50 and 51: 34 Wayne R. Curtis Pˆ N � � me
Page 52 and 53: 36 Wayne R. Curtis Radial Flow Impe
Page 54 and 55: 38 Wayne R. Curtis CS = Medium diss
Page 56 and 57: 40 Wayne R. Curtis Murashige T & Sk
Page 58 and 59: 42 Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide et al
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 4 Practical aspects of bior
Page 78 and 79: Practical aspects of bioreactor app
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 5 Simple bioreactors for ma
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Page 110 and 111: 96 K. Y. Paek et al. opportunity fo
Page 112 and 113: 98 K. Y. Paek et al. disadvantages
Page 114 and 115: 100 K. Y. Paek et al. 3.1 Dissolved
Page 116 and 117: 102 K. Y. Paek et al. optimizing bi
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Page 122 and 123: 108 K. Y. Paek et al. use. In order
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110 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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112 K. Y. Paek et al. a b c d e f F
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114 K. Y. Paek et al. Escalona M, L
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116 K. Y. Paek et al. Son SH & Paek
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118 Seppo Sorvari et al. economical
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120 Seppo Sorvari et al. membrane w
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122 Seppo Sorvari et al. 3. Results
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124 Seppo Sorvari et al. D.O. 160 1
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Chapter 8 Cost-effective mass cloni
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Cost-effective mass cloning of plan
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144 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 1
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146 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek F
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148 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek T
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150 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek 3
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152 Eun-Joo Hahn & Kee-Yoeup Paek E
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Chapter 10 Control of growth and di
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Control of growth and differentiati
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Chapter 11 Temporary immersion syst
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Temporary immersion system: a new c
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198 Elio Jiménez González 1. Intr
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200 Elio Jiménez González Several
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202 Elio Jiménez González Figure
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204 Elio Jiménez González exploit
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206 Elio Jiménez González weeks i
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208 Elio Jiménez González germina
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210 Elio Jiménez González Escalan
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Chapter 13 Use of growth retardants
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Use of growth retardants for banana
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Chapter 14 Somatic embryo germinati
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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Somatic embryo germination of Psidi
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232 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil N
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234 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 3
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236 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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238 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil F
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240 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil 4
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242 Tino Hempfling & Walter Preil R
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244 C. Damiano et al. Over the last
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246 C. Damiano et al. 2.2 Temporary
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248 C. Damiano et al. Table 3: Wate
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250 C. Damiano et al. hyperhydricit
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Chapter 17 Optimisation of growing
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Optimisation of growing conditions
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264 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. cul
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266 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 2.4
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268 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. mic
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270 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. of
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272 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. 4.
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274 Katerina Grigoriadou et al. Tei
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276 Ch. Wawrosch et al. possesses s
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278 Ch. Wawrosch et al. 3. Results
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280 Ch. Wawrosch et al. References
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Chapter 20 Propagation of Norway sp
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 285 2.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 287 su
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 289 5.
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 291 bl
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Propagation of Norway Spruce 293 H
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296 M. Vágner et al. 1995). In liq
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298 M. Vágner et al. maturation pe
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300 M. Vágner et al. mature somati
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302 M. Vágner et al. Acknowledgeme
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304 Christopher Hunter & Lionel Lev
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314 Michel Petitprez et al. 1. Intr
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316 Michel Petitprez et al. 2.2 QTL
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318 Michel Petitprez et al. Figure
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320 Michel Petitprez et al. Table 1
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322 Michel Petitprez et al. Gentzbi
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324 F. Afreen et al. 1. Introductio
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326 F. Afreen et al. precotyledonar
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328 F. Afreen et al. Dry mass (mg/e
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330 F. Afreen et al. under photoaut
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332 F. Afreen et al. Figure 3: a) C
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334 F. Afreen et al. the plant qual
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Chapter 25 Potential of flow cytome
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Potential of flow cytometry 339 dis
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Potential of flow cytometry 341 Fig
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Potential of flow cytometry 343 tha
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Chapter 26 Somatic embryogenesis of
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Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana 3
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Chapter 27 Induction and growth of
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Induction and growth of tulip 361 a
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Induction and growth of tulip 363 T
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Chapter 28 Micropropagation of Ixia
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Micropropagation of Ixia 367 for PA
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Micropropagation of Ixia 369 Biomas
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Micropropagation of Ixia 371 Figure
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Chapter 29 Micropropagation of Rosa
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Micropropagation of Rosa 375 The BA
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Micropropagation of Rosa 377 Platfo
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Micropropagation of Rosa 379 3. Res
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Micropropagation of Rosa 381 The ro
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Micropropagation of Rosa 383 4. Dis
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Micropropagation of Rosa 385 Murash
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Chapter 30 Mass propagation of coni
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Mass propagation of conifer trees 3
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Chapter 31 Potentials for cost redu
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Potentials for cost reduction 405 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 407 c
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Potentials for cost reduction 409 s
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Potentials for cost reduction 411 N
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Potentials for cost reduction 413 G
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Chapter 32 A new approach for autom
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A new approach for automation 417 (
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A new approach for automation 419 p
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A new approach for automation 421 T
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A new approach for automation 423 D
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426 B. McAlister et al. 1. Introduc
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428 B. McAlister et al. 2.2 Multipl
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430 B. McAlister et al. Table 2: Mu
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432 B. McAlister et al. rest time -
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434 B. McAlister et al. Figure 3: M
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436 B. McAlister et al. Average mul
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438 B. McAlister et al. Table 4: Co
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440 B. McAlister et al. Semi-solid
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442 B. McAlister et al. Escalona M,
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444 Jeffrey Adelberg including Host
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446 Jeffrey Adelberg BioSystems (Ho
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448 Jeffrey Adelberg more prolific
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450 Jeffrey Adelberg vessel of liqu
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452 Jeffrey Adelberg Figure 4: Labo
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454 Jeffrey Adelberg constituted a
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456 Jeffrey Adelberg Acknowledgemen
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Chapter 35 Aeration stress in plant
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Aeration stress in plant tissue cul
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476 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 1. Int
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478 Hans R. Gislerød et al. biorea
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480 Hans R. Gislerød et al. A low
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482 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Table
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484 Hans R. Gislerød et al. common
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486 Hans R. Gislerød et al. can be
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488 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.1 Li
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490 Hans R. Gislerød et al. 4.3 Ca
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492 Hans R. Gislerød et al. Morten
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494 Han Bouman & Annemiek Tiekstra
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V. Biomass for Secondary Metabolite
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510 E. Gontier et al. 1. Introducti
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512 E. Gontier et al. 2. Materials
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514 E. Gontier et al. developed dra
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516 E. Gontier et al. 3.3 Establish
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518 E. Gontier et al. Fresh weight
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520 E. Gontier et al. 3.5 Effect of
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522 E. Gontier et al. 3.6 Scale up
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524 E. Gontier et al. Lorenzo JC, G
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526 Dirk Wilken et al. 1. Introduct
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528 Dirk Wilken et al. running at 6
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530 Dirk Wilken et al. described a
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532 Dirk Wilken et al. packed cell
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534 Dirk Wilken et al. bioactive co
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536 Dirk Wilken et al. Fowler MW (1
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Chapter 40 Cultivation of root cult
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Cultivation of root cultures of Pan
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Chapter 41 Optimisation of Panax gi
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Optimisation of Panax ginseng liqui
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558 S. M. Nalawade et al. performan
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560 S. M. Nalawade et al. Plantlets
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562 S. M. Nalawade et al. leaves on
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564 S. M. Nalawade et al. roots (Fi
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Chapter 43 Production of taxanes in
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Production of taxanes 569 2. Materi
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Production of taxanes 571 Figure 2:
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Production of taxanes 573 various T
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Acknowledgments The editors thank t
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578 Contents 130, 131, 133, 134, 13
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580 Contents poplar, see Populus Po
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582 Contents bubble aerated 165 bub
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584 Contents ginsenoside content, p
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586 Contents plant growth regulator
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588 Contents -free microcorms 71 -f
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