european college of sport science

PP-HF03 Health and Fitness 3
was assessed as an angular displacement from relaxed through flexed positions. Upper arm circumference was assessed by the tape
measurement of five points (3, 5, 7, 9, 11 cm above the elbow joint) on the upper arm in relaxed position. Approximately 10 ml of blood
sample was drawn by venipuncture from the cubital fossa region of the arm for serum CK activity. Muscle soreness was measured using
100-mm visual analogue scale.
Results: The reductions in maximal voluntary isometric strength and range of motion of elbow joint were not changed by heat preconditioning
(HEAT: 54 ± 14 % vs. CON: 51 ± 6 %, HEAT: -24.3 ± 15.5° vs. CON: -21.8 ± 13.8°). Also, Heat did not show any significant changes in
the upper arm circumference (HEAT: 0.7 ± 0.4 cm vs. CON: 0.5 ± 0.3 cm), CK (HEAT: 349 ± 344 U/L vs. CON: 1878 ± 1092 U/L) and muscle
soreness (HEAT: 45.5 ± 12.4 mm vs. CON: 67.6 ± 24.2 mm) after ECC, compared with CON.
Conclusion
These results suggest that a heat preconditioning at one day before eccentric contractions could not affect the eccentric contractioninduced
muscle damage and muscle soreness in women.
AGE AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS LIVING IN THE LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA
MARQUES, A., DINIZ, J., CARREIRO DA COSTA, F.
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF LISBON, FACULTY OF HUMAN KINETICS
Introduction: Despite the knowledge of benefits of regular physical activity (PA), some studies with students have shown high prevalence
on sedentary habits. Because of this it is important to investigate the determinants of their PA participation.
Objective: This study sought to examine sex and age differences in PA among students of 12, 15 and 18 years, living and studying in the
Lisbon metropolitan area. It also characterizes adolescents’ lifestyles and their psychological background.
Methods: A total of 877 students (436 boys, 441 girls) ages 12 (n=250), 15 (n=550) and 18 (n=77), from six public schools in Lisbon were
sampled. Data was collected using a questionnaire about leisure time activities, PA participation, goal orientation, perceptions of health,
competence and body image. A PA index was produced from questions about sports participation in several contexts (formal, informal,
school sport, and intensity of PA during the week). An ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc comparisons to analyze the effects of age and sex on
the PA index were used. Values were considered significant at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean of the PA index was 3.02±1.10 (3.27±1.05 for e 2.78±0.96 for girls), ranged between 1 and 6. A tendency to decrease
the PA index by age in both sexes was observed. The general effect of age on PA index was significant with high intensity (F (2,871) =
4.617; p = 0.01; power = 0.78). Statistical differences were found between 12 and 18 years; 15 and 18 years, in both sexes. Even though 12
year old students were more active than 15 year olds, ANOVA revealed no significant differences.
Comparing sexes, boys had higher levels of PA participation than girls in all age groups, verifying that the lowest levels of boys, at age 18
(2.93±1.14), were superior to the highest levels of girls, at age 12 (2.82±0.92). It was very interesting to observe that girls ages 12 and 15
participated more than boys in school sport. Nevertheless, this tendency changed by the age of 18. Participation in PA decreased with
age in both sexes. The general differences between boys and girls were significant (F (1,871) = 28.074; p < 0.001; power = 1).
Conclusions: The mean PA index was relatively low in general for all students but especially for girls. These results are in line with results
that were obtained by other national and international studies. Something must be done in order to prevent this reality. The fundamental
role that schools and PE can assume in the promotion of active lifestyle has been largely recognised. This claim must be assumed by
school community. The older students and girls should be the focus of specific interventions. After leaving school they will no longer be
obligated to participate in PE classes, which could mean that their PA levels will drastically decrease.
EFFECTS OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN ACTIVE WOMEN
KHOSRAVI, N., ABDOLLAH POOR, A.
ALZAHRA UNIVERSITY
The present study examined the effects of menstrual cycle on exercise performance in university active women. Method: Fourteen active
eumenorrheic women (age 21 ± 1.8 yr) after to fill up questionnaire was selected randomly. After determination the phases of menstrual
cycle, subjects were performed a graded maximal exercise test for two phases of follicular (days 7-11) and luteal (days 19-23).The body
fat(fat%),weight and height assessed before test .Blood lactate, VO2max, time to exhaustion, estrogen and progesterone hormones were
measured in the FT and LT phases. Rating of perceived exertion assessed by Borg scale . Results :The results showed no significant
differences between the follicular and luteal phases in VO2max (31.26 ± 3.01& 30.41± 3.43 ml.kg¹&#1471;.min¹&#1471; respectively), blood
lactate ,maximal heart rate , time to exhaustion, and rating of perceived exertion ( p>0/05 ).In addition ,there was no significant correlation
between VO2max and progesterone hormone in the luteal phase ( r =-./25, p>0/05 ).Conclusion:Data suggest that normal cyclic
variations in estrogen & progesterone are without significant effect on any measure of maximal exercise performance. We conclude that
in this study , menstrual phase ( follicular vs luteal ) with menstrual status ( eumenorrheic) no alters or limits exercise performance in
female active.
LEPTIN AND PHYSICAL FITNESS IN POSTMENOPAUSE
D'ANGELO, E., DI BLASIO, A., RIPARI, P., DI DONATO, F., GALLINA, S., PETRELLA, V., VALENTINI, P., NAPOLITANO, G.
G. D'ANNUNZIO UNIVERSITY, CHIETI
Introduction: A big amount of postmenopausal women is overweight. Excessive body fat (FM%), especially when centrally distributed, is
associated with an increased risk to develop diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, ischemic stroke and several cancers. As
adipose tissue is the main source of plasma leptin levels (PLL), FM% increases PLL up to leptin resistance, breaking its healthy physiological
function (Considine et al., 1996). As PLL is related both to cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis)
and risk of cancers, independently of FM%, it is highly suggested to reduce high PLL. The aim of this study was to investigate the
effect of regular walking training on PLL in 22 overweight postmenopausal women.
Methods: Body composition was assessed by multi-frequency electrical bioimpedance (Human-Im PLUS, Ds Medica, Italy) and data were
processed by software Human-Im PLUS 4.0. Dietary habits and caloric intake were estimated by a dietician with three-day dietary records,
covering two weekdays and one weekend day, using WinFood-due software (Medimatica, Colonnella, Italy). VO2max was estimated
(VO2maxest) by Rockport Fitness Walking Test and PLL was measured by commercially available ELISA-test. No dietary suggestions
were given. Each woman walked 4 times a week, for 50 min, at 50-60% of her heart rate reserve.
162 14 TH
ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE