european college of sport science

PP-TT19 Training and Testing 19
Conclusion: Skeletal muscle reveals considerable differences between endurance and sprint athletes. 31P MRS in combination with motor
performance tests therefore seems to be a suitable tool to display differences in skeletal muscle properties of subjects with a supposed
difference in their muscle fibre distribution.
References:
1. Bernus G, Gonzalez de Suso JM, Alonso J, Martin PA, Prat JA, Arus C. 31P-MRS of quadriceps reveals quantitative differences between
sprinters and long-distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993;25(4):479-84.
2. Tesch PA, Karlsson J. Muscle fiber types and size in trained and untrained muscles of elite athletes. J Appl Physiol 1985;59(6):1716-20.
3. Yoshida T, Watari H. Exercise-induced splitting of the inorganic phosphate peak: investigation by time-resolved 31P-nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;69(6):465-73.
PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF IRANIAN ELITE FEMALE KAYAKRRS IN TWO DIFFERENT TESTS ON TREADMILL & ARM
ERGOMETER
MIRAKHORI, Z., AGHA ALINEJAD, H., MOLANOURI SHAMSI, M.
TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY
Introduction: Testing is the beginning of the implementation of a training program and it will provide direction and purpose to the planning
of training. Aerobic and anaerobic power are the main factors of optimal performance in kayakers (Bishop D., 2000). One of the
most important points in choosing tests for measurement of physiological characters in sport sciences’s studies is the principle of specificity.
Upper body muscles are often involved in kayaking. It seems that it is more valid the using of tests that upper body muscles are more
involved in them (Bishop et al., 1998). This study was conducted to evaluate physiological indices of Iranian elite female kayakers in two
different tests on tredmill & arm ergometer.
Methods: Twelve Iranian elite female kayakers (age: 16.5±2 yrs; height: 166.7±4.4cm; body mass: 57.89±7.3kg; %BF: 20.33±6 percent)
participate in this study. VO2max, lactat threshold, lactat threshold VO2, VO2 pulse and ventilation measured by two incremental tests on
treadmill and arm ergometr with gas analizing. Body percent and muscle mass evaluated by body composition analyzer. Antropometric
characteres such as height; sitting height; arm span; arm, thigh and leg lengths; arm, thigh, sholder and pelvise breadths; and arm,
thigh, chest, hip and leg girths are masured. Subject’s performance evaluated by 12 kilometer kayaking test (K12t).
Results: VO2max values measured by the arm ergometer was lower than VO2max values measured by treadmill. There was significant
correlation between VO2max values measured by two tests (r=0.68,p=0.015). Negetive correlation attained between both VO2max
values with K12t time that was significant only with arm ergometer VO2max values.There were no significant correlation between body
composition and anthropometric measurments with both K12t time and VO2max values in two tests. There was high correlation between
VO2max, VO2 palse and VE values in two tests.
Discussion: An important determinant in the measurement of VO2max is the quantity of the muscle mass stressed when performing the
task or mode of exercise used to elicit maximal oxygen uptake (Midgley et al., 2007). VO2max values measured by specific test in kayakers(arm
ergometer), had lower than non-specific (treadmill) test that is explainable by low used muscle mass in this test. Significant negative
correlation between K12t and arm ergometer can refer to specific test of upper body like kayaking.
References:
Bishop D., (2000). Eur J Appl Physiol., 82: 91-97.
Bishop D., Jenkins DG, Mackinnon LT., (1998). Med Sci Sports Exerc., 30: 1270-1275.
Midgley AW, McNaughton LR., Polman R., Marchant M.,(2007). Sports Med, 37(12), 1019-1028
EFFECTS OF THREE DIFFERENT WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION TRAININGS ON KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLES STRENGTH AND
JUMP PERFORMANCE.
PETIT, P.D., TESSARO, J., HÉBRÉARD, L., PENSINI, M., COLSON, S.S.
UNIVERSITY OF NICE-SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS
Introduction: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been recently employed as a means of strength training in healthy humans (Luo et al.,
2005). Most likely, the effectiveness of WBV training programs might be dependent of the wide possible combination of parameters
(peak-to-peak displacement of the platform and vibration frequency) characterizing a WBV training session. To date, only one study has
attempted to determine the optimal vibration frequency for increasing muscle strength after WBV training (Savelberg et al., 2007), but the
effect of the displacement of the platform remain uninvestigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3
different combinations of WBV parameters on knee extensor muscles strength and jump performance.
Methods
33 physically active male students were randomly allocated to 3 groups: i) a low frequency and low displacement (30Hz, 2mm, n=10;
G2F30), ii) a low frequency and high displacement (30Hz, 4mm, n=11; G4F30) and, iii) a high frequency and high displacement (50Hz,
4mm, n=12; G4F50). Three times a week, the WBV training consisted of maintaining unloaded static squatting positions over a 6-week
period. Maximal voluntary isometric, concentric and eccentric torque, jump performance (squat jump; SJ and countermovement jump;
CMJ), knee extensor muscles activation and contractile properties evoked by percutaneous neurostimulation were assessed before and
after the training period.
Results: Whatever the variable analyzed before training, no significant differences were observed between groups. After training, a
significant group x time interaction was found for SJ and CMJ. Jump performance was increased for both G4F30 and G4F50 groups
(P