european college of sport science

PP-BM01 Biomechanics 1
Reference:
Yılmaz, B., Karlı, Ü.&Yetim, A.A. (2006).Sporda Sosyal Bütünleşme Ölçeği (SSBÖ) Geçerlilik Güvenirlik Çalışması.Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor
Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4),3-10.
INTERCONNECTIONS AND INTERDEPENDENCY OF NORWEGIAN SPORTS FEDERATIONS AND SPONSORS, AND CON-
SEQUENCES CONSIDERING DOPING
ØDERUD, T.A.
NORGES IDRETTSHØGSKOLE
Introduction: After the big doping case in the 2001 Ski World Championships in Lahti, where almost the entire finish ski team tested positive
for doping, it was shortly after reported that the Finish Ski federation had lost a great deal of money through the loss of sponsors. In
international cycling the same thing happened after the doping case in the Tour de France in 1998. Many sponsors and TV companies
have withdrawn from the sport because of repeated doping cases. Based on experiences in the past, this thesis look at what could be
the consequences of a similar episode in Norwegian sports. The main questions are: Is the doping question a part of the interconnection
between Norwegian sport federations and sponsors? And: What could be the consequences for the interdependency of Norwegian
sports federations and sponsors in the case of a positive doping case? This thesis drews on organizational theory (Mitchell, Agle & Wood,
1997) and sponsor theory (Cousens, Babiak & Bradish, 2006) to exam the questions.
Method: Ten in depth interviews with strategically selected people from two different Norwegian sports federation: The Norwegian ski
federation and the Norwegian Snowboard association, their main sponsor DnB NOR, a sponsor of The Norwegian ski federation; Nemi
Forsikring ASA, and a sponsor agent.
Results: Early findings indicate that the sponsors have the opportunity, based on the contracts with the sport, to withdraw if there are any
positive doping cases. When it comes to the actually work relations, doping is almost not mentioned, and the sport and the sponsors do
not talk so much about it. On the other hand, just because it’s not talked so much about, doesn’t mean it’s not important to the sponsors.
The sponsor will not be associated with doping, but can however evaluate the circumstances for the positive doping case before they
decide to withdraw or not.
Discussion: Based on the nature of the interconnection and interdependency between sports and sponsors, this thesis try to explain why
the consequences of a positive doping case is not a matter of just what the contract says about doping, but is an evaluation of different
factors done by the sponsors before they decide whether to withdraw from the sport.
References:
Cousens, L., Babiak, K. & Bradish, C. (2006). Beyond Sponsorship: Re-Framing Corporate Sport Relationships. Sport Management Review,
9, 1-23.
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R. & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who
and what really counts. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 22, 853-886.
14:15 - 15:15
Poster presentations
PP-BM01 Biomechanics 1
THE USE OF COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN (CAD) FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN INERTIA RIGID MODEL OF THE SKI
JUMPER
MARQUES-BRUNA, P., GRIMSHAW, P.
EDGE HILL UNIVERSITY
Introduction: Different types of isometry inertia models of the human body have been developed for the mathematical modelling of aerial
movements (e.g., Yeadon, 1990). Recent advancements in rigid modelling include the use of anthropometric data adjusted for 3dimensional
(3D) simulation (Dumas et al., 2007) and of CAD in support of computational fluid dynamics projects (e.g., Meile et al., 2006).
CAD may be used to model variations in flight posture and to obtain inertial parameters for the assessment of flight stability in ski jumping.
Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of CAD for the construction of an inertia rigid model for applications in ski jumping.
Methods: A 14-segment 3D rigid model of the ski jumper was designed using Delcam PowerSHAPE-e 8080 CAD software, adjusted
anthropometric data (Dumas et al., 2007) and postural ski-jumping data (e.g., Meile et al., 2006). Variations in flight posture included ski
opening angle (SOA) at 20°, 25° and 30° and forward leaning angle (FLA) sampled from 0° to 40°, at 10° intervals. The position of the
centre of gravity (CG) and the principal longitudinal moment of inertia (Iy) were computed for each posture (Parallel-axes theorem;
Yeadon, 1990). Inertial properties of the helmet, boots and skis were included using equations for symmetric objects of uniform composition
(Griffiths, 2006).
Results: The mean ± SD position of the CG for all flight postures was 54.9 ± 0.2% of athlete’s height. The mean ± SD Iy was 14.7 ± 0.3 kg •
m2, where Iy decreased slightly with SOA but increased prominently with FLA.
Discussion/Conclusion
Iy increased noticeably with FLA; thus, FLA may be considered an important damping derivative in ski jumping that helps prevent departures
from trimmed attitude. However, large FLA lowers the static stability. Drawing upon past research (Yeadon, 1990; Meile et al., 2006),
CAD permitted modelling variations in flight posture and the computation of inertial parameters for the assessment of flight stability in ski
jumping.
References
Dumas, R., Cheze, L. and Verriest, J.P. (2007). Adjustments to McConville et al. and Young et al. body segment inertial parameters. Journal
of Biomechanics. 40: 543-553.
Griffiths, I.W. (2006) Principles of Biomechanics and Motion Analysis. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. London.
168 14 TH
ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE