european college of sport science

Thursday, June 25th, 2009
Results : Walking training determined a decreasing FM% and PLL and an increasing VO2maxest. No variations in dietary habits were
reported. Basal values of VO2maxest were poor. Multiple regression models were performed, both on basal and post-intervention
values, in order to understand if walking training affected positively PLL taking under control FM% and energy intake. VO2maxest was
taken as a proxy variable for walking training effect. Results indicated that, under basal condition, FM% was the only predictor of PLL
(coeff. est.=1.093; p=0.010). Furthermore, after the training, FM% and VO2maxest had respectively positive and negative influence on PLL
(coeff. est. FM%=0.779, p=0.007; coeff. est. VO2maxest=-1.092; p=0.003).
Discussion: Our results increase the assumption that, independently from FM%, aerobic fitness improvement affects positively PLL in
postmenopause, as shown in young women (Hickey et al., 1997). This could lead to a reduction of both leptin resistance and negative
cardiovascular effects of leptin even if body composition is not bettered.
References
Considine RV, et al. (1996). N Engl J Med, 334(5), 292-295.
Hickey, MS et al. (1997). Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 272, E562-566.
14:15 - 15:15
Poster presentations
PP-HP01 History/Philosophy and Ethics
HENRIK IBSEN AND THE ORIGIN OF FRILUFTSLIV. AN OCCASION FOR CELEBRATION.
LEIRHAUG, P.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOGN OG FJORDANE
Introduction: In 2009 it is 150 years since Henrik Ibsen wrote Paa vidderne, translated as On the Heights (alternative translations: Life on
the Upland; On the Mountain Wilderness). In this long epic poem, he probably introduced in print for the very first time the word ‘friluftsliv’.
Did Ibsen create the word? It is hard to tell. But in the meantime friluftsliv has become an important word in the Norwegian language and
culture as well as a theme at international scientific congresses. In addition Henrik Ibsen has become one of the very greatest names in
world literature. Despite these facts few attempts have been made to investigate possible meanings and functions of friluftsliv” in Ibsen’s
poem.
Methods : Literary analysis and interpretations.
Results/Discussion: Most translators have treated ‘friluftsliv’ as a specific Nordic term. The consequence for English readers of On the
Heights of course, is that the word ‘friluftsliv’ just isn’t there. Either it is simply translated to ‘outdoor life’, or the passage is somehow rewritten.
Here after Reed and Rothenberg (1993:12):
In the lonely seter-corner,
My abundant catch I take.
There’s a hearth, and a table,
And friluftsliv for my thoughts.
The poem in total consists of 328 lines. We follow a young nameless man who leaves his home and the girl whom he loves, and heads
for the mountains. First his plan is to return, with a splendid reindeer pelt for his mother, and some too for his sweetheart. But then he
meets a stranger urging him to stay. The winter comes. At Christmas he observes the house in the valley burn to the ground with his
mother inside, and by summertime his sweetheart is another’s bride. The young man fills with sorrow, but at the same time it becomes
obvious that there is nothing left for him down in the valley. He has expended his “lowland life” and the poem ends. This short summary
and the quotation above actualises several underlying themes that can have relevance to our modern understanding of friluftsliv: to be
alone in nature; a life simple in means, but maybe rich in ends; connections between friluftsliv and activities of more intellectual, recreational
or spiritual character. It should be emphasized how the young man has to make deep sacrifices in order to achieve “the higher
view”. His “bosom becomes as stone”. In the end he is “steel-set” and follows a command to live on the hills. Friluftsliv is introduced at an
earlier stage in Ibsen’s poem and does not belong to this extreme idealism. In “friluftsliv for my thoughts” the main character still has
contact with the everyday ordinary life.
References
Reed, P. and Rothenberg, D.(ed.). 1993. Wisdom in the Open Air. The Norwegian Roots of Deep Ecology. University of Minnesota Press,
Minneapolis.
THE EMBODIED SOLDIER: TOWARDS A NEW SOLDIER ETHOS FOR THE MODERNIZED NORWEGIAN ARMED FORCES?
SOOKERMANY, A.
NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCE
The military transformation of the armed forces is changing our understanding of what are good soldiering skills. The modernization
process aims to develop military communities of practice that are ready, willing and able to serve and fight anyone, anywhere, anytime
on regular bases. As a consequence many western countries, like Norway, are witnessing a radical shift from conscription towards
professionalism – were being a soldier should be understood as an embodiment of the knowledge, skills and values of a professional
military community of practice. In this article I will explore how the thinking underpinning the traditional invasion defense force and the
flexible expeditionary force of the future supports two different views of the human body. In doing so I will show how a change from a
traditionally dualistic view towards a more integrated holistic view can offer an opportunity to transition from competent, good enough
practice to expert practice – and thereby a new soldiering ethos.
Keywords: transformation; soldiering skills; military community of practice; the emdodied soldier; soldier ethos
OSLO/NORWAY, JUNE 24-27, 2009 163