european college of sport science

Saturday, June 27th, 2009
Mujika I, Padilla S. (2000) Sports Med, 30(2), 79-87.
RELIABILITY OF LUMBAR POSITION SENSE TEST USING ELECTROGONIOMETER IN SEATED POSITION ON A SWISS BALL.
SOLANA, M.
UNIVERSITY RAMON LLULL
Introduction: Joint position sense has been used to measure proprioception with isokinetic dynamometer (Lephart & Fu, 2000) or 3space
track (Newcomer et al, 2000; Shum et al, 2007). It hasn’t been measured with electronic goniometer on lumbar spine.Therefore, the aim
of this study was to determine the reliability of lumbar position sense test over a swiss ball using electrogoniometer (Transducer TSD130A
from Biopac Systems, USA).
Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers, 8 men and 4 women (22.3+/-2.6 vs. 23+/-1.8 respectively) performed maximal flexion and extension
lumbar movement 3 consecutive trials, sitting over a Swiss ball with hips and knees between 80º and 90º of flexion maintaining the
back straight keeping the sight to the front and both hands over the knees on a relaxed position. This was repeated in two different days.
The Electrogoniometer was attached on the skin, its cranial arm following lumbar line up to L3 level and lower arm following lumbar line
under L3 level. Repositioning error data were collected. It was required to maintain during 3 seconds each perceived maximal flexion
and extension position during each of the three trials. There was neither feedback nor order along the test. Intertest repeatability was
obtained calculating the variability coefficient between trials in the same day of test. Intratest repeatability obtained using Wilcoxon non
parametric statistic analysis between tests in two different days. Intertest repeatability was considered when variability coefficient was
lower than 100% and Intratest repeatability was considered with Wilcoxon significance p≥ 0.05.
Results: Variability coefficient means were from 5.8% to 10% for both repositioning errors. Bilateral signification from Wilcoxon test was
p=0.285 reaching maximal flexion and p=0.508 reaching maximal extension.
Conclusions: The results suggest that the electrogoniometer is a reliable instrument to measure the lumbar position sense over a Swiss
ball. It could be an easy and less sophisticate way to improve lumbar proprioception researches.
References:
Lephart, S., Fu, F. (2000). Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Joint Stability. U.S.A: Human Kinetics.
Newcomer, K., Laskowski, M.D., Yu, B. i Larson, D. (2000). Repositioning error in low back pain. Comparing trunk repositioning error in
subjects with chronic low back pain and control subjects. Spine, 25(2), 245-250.
Shum, G.L., Crosbie, J. i Lee, R.Y. (2007).Three-dimensional kinetics of the lumbar spine and hips in low back pain patients during sit-tostand
and stand-to-sit. Spine, 32(7), 211-219.
ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE IN THE ELITE KITEBOARDING: NATIONAL CUP 2008
PEREZ-TURPIN, J., CORTELL-TORMO, J.M., CHINCHILLA-MIRA, J.J., CEJUELA-ANTA, R.
UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE
Introduction: The principal aim of this study is to identify the intensity that supposes competition to participant in 2008 Spain National Cup.
Physiological demands and intensity of the effort have been analyzed in new Olympic windsurf board (Castagna et al, 2007) and Laser
and mistral sail (Vogiatzis et al, 2002). This data was recorded in Elite International level although it was not under racing conditions.
Kiteboarding is a new water sport. The athlete (Nickel et al, 2004) uses a small board and transfers the energy of the wind into speed by
a large maneuverable kite.
Methods: Ten male professionals windsurfers (n=9, 27.6±22 years, 174.1±5.1 cm Height, 74.4±8.6 Kg weight, 9.91±3.4 kg body fat). Were
chosen the ten first qualified of elite Kiteboarding: Spain National Cup 2008 (organised by Royal Spanish Sailing Federation,and the
Spanish Association of Kiteboarding (AEK), Santa Pola (Spain) 2008) and were monitorizaded during the firts race, (racing form,R1) valid to
the final classification in the championship. It was used a GPS recording unit (outdoor sports computer series W 600). The software was
used in order to analyze data to FRWD outdoor sports computers series for the GPS data. After assessment, data was analysed statistically
using the SPSS 13.0 software package to compare kiteboarding parameters. Wind´s speed varied from 10 to 14 m•s-¹. Anemometer
was (AVM-40, Kestrel 4000).
Results: Heart rate (HR) and average temperature (30.6±1.2ºC) was recorded, making a difference in the total time of the course (16.5±1.4
min). On one hand with up-wind leg (8±0.1 min, 19.02±7.2 km•h-¹, 127.37±4.1 beats•min-¹) and also on the other hand with down-wind
leg (8.5±0.7 min, 14.43±8.1 km•h-¹, 140±8.5 beats•min-¹).
Discussion: Values of heart rate are significantly higher than those obtained in other studies windsurf (Castagna et al, 2007; Vogiatzis et
al, 2002). This may be due to the way in which data were recorded (higher wind speed, the kite higher and the structure of competition).
Actually there are significant differences (p