european college of sport science

Friday, June 26th, 2009
Body weight and complex impedance measurements (using BIA 2000-M, Data Input GmbH) for the estimation of body fat mass, body
lean mass and body water compartments were performed at start and after completion of every race. At arrival of stage 5 and 6, blood
samples were drawn from the finger pad to analyse for serum Na+, haemoglobin content and haematocrit. Participants were instructed
to keep a careful mental note of liquids consumed during the race and to fill in a diary.
Results: Mean (± SEM) hourly fluid intake during the race correlated with air temperature and ranged between 494±191 and 754±254
mL/hour. In absence of exercise induced hyponatremia (EAH, Na+ 145 mmol/L), on day 5 and 6 respectively. While post-race serum sodium concentrations correlated with the
liquid intake, normalized for race time and body mass (stage 5: r=-0.46, p=0.023; stage 6: r=-0.59, p=0.003), no correlation was found
with the change in body mass from pre- to post-race.
Discussion: We hypothesise that the high exercise intensity, the riding on difficult terrain, the impracticality of drafting and the less recreative
character of descents, which distinguish MTB sports from road cycling, may reduce the tolerance for drinking in MTB cross-country
competition. Further, granted weight penalty by carrying along unnecessary load and the low number of provision stands may reduce
the motivation for and the amount of fluid intake during the race. Even though the mean hourly liquid consumption during the race stages
was found to lie within the limits of 400-800 mL, recommended for most forms of recreational or competitive exercise (Noakes TD, 2003),
it was, however, associated with a high prevalence of dehydration in the studied group.
Organisers and mountain-bikers should be aware not to interchange lastly emphasised risks of overdrinking with the consequences of
dehydration by restricted fluid intake. Particular attention should be paid to adjust fluid provision and drinking to air temperature. In this
setting, body mass monitoring was not an accurate instrument to control body fluid homeostasis.
References
Noakes TD (2003). BMJ 327, 113-14.
INJURY SURVEILLANCE DURING A NATIONAL FEMALE YOUTH FOOTBALL TOURNAMENT IN KENYA. A PILOT STUDY
LISLEVAND, M., JUNGE, A., STEFFEN, K., DVORAK, J., ANDERSEN, T.E.
NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORTS SCIENCE,
Objective: To analyze the incidence, circumstance and characteristics of injuries during a two-days national female youth football tournament
in Kenya.
Study design: Prospective cohort study.
Subjects: Girls under the age of 13 (U13), 16 (U16) and over 16 (O16).
Observation Technique: Specially trained Kenyan injury reporters registered on a standardised injury report form. They were supported by
four physiotherapist and two doctors. Injuries were defined as all injuries, painful conditions or physical complaints that occurred during
the match, even if the player could continue to play.
Outcome measurement: Injury incidence and characteristics in Kenyan female youth football players.
Results: 229 new injuries were reported from 105 matches, equivalent to an incidence of 174.7 injuries/1000 player hours (95% CI 152.1-
197.3). Most injuries allowed the players to continue to play (n=188;82%). Regarding medical attention injuries, U13 players had higher
injury rates (160.4 injuries/1000 h, CI 122.3 to 198.5) than O16 players (109.5 injuries/1000h, CI 80.0 to 139.0; RR=1.4, CI 1.0 to 4.0; P=.03). A
total of 12 injuries (5%;9.2 injuries/1000h, CI 4.0 to 14.3) were expected to result in absence from play for at least 1-7 days. Risk of sustaining
a time loss injury was 5-8 times higher in U13 compared to U16 and O16. Most injuries (57%) were caused by contact with another
player, 26% were caused by other contact and in 17% of the injuries there were no contact with another player. The injuries most commonly
involved the lower extremity (n= 185;81%) and 5% (n= 12) of the injuries involved the head or neck. The most frequent injury type
was contusions (n= 154;67%), followed by superficial skin lesions (n= 47;21%) and sprains (n=19;8%), while a contusion to the knee
(n=28;12%) and ankle (n=26;11%) was the most common injury diagnosis.
Conclusion: The incidence of injuries among female youth football players in a national tournament in Kenya was high. However, most of
the injured players could continue to play. U13-players had the highest injury risk. Contusions to the knee and ankle were the most common
diagnosis.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by grants from the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre and grants from Norwegian
medical society for sports medicine (NIMF) and Norwegian sports physiotherapy society (FFI). The Oslo Sports Trauma Research
Centre has been established at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences through grants from the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Culture and
Church Affairs, the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, the Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sport, and
NorskTipping AS.
INJURY PROFILE OF COLLEGIATE RUGBY UNION IN JAPAN: TRAINING INJURIES.
NAGAI, S., TAKEMURA, M., FURUKAWA, T., MIYAKAWA, S.
TSUKUBA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Introduction: A consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union has recently
been published from International Rugby Board (IRB). However, researches followed by the consensus statement have been limited
among professional and international competition. The purpose of this study was to document the incidence, severity, nature, and
causes of injuries in Japanese collegiate rugby union.
Methods: A prospective design for three consecutive playing-seasons was used to describe training injuries associated with 198 players
from a collegiate rugby union team in Japan. The survey was performed according to the IRB consensus procedures. Team medical staffs
reported all training injuries, and provided details of the location, diagnosis, mechanism of each injury and the date of return to play.
Exposures of individual players in training were recorded on a daily basis. The main outcome measures were incidence (number of
injuries/1000 player-hours), severity (days absence), location, type, phase and mechanism of injuries in training.
Results: The incidence of training injuries was 3.3/1000 player-hours (forwards 3.6; backs 3.1). The average severity of injuries was 38.9
days, and moderate (8~28 days absence) and severe (> 29 days absence) injuries were greater than minimal (2~3 days absence) and
mild (4~7 days absence) injuries. While ankle, knee, and shoulder were the main injury locations, shoulder and ankle had high recurrence
rate. The most common injury type was sprain/ligament. Running was the predominant of phase of injuries; also attempt to tackle
and being tackled indicated the greater incidence. The most frequent injury mechanisms were contacting other players.
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