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PP-TT15 Training and Testing 15 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WARM UP INTENSITIES ON POWER OUTPUT AND METABOLISM DURING AND AFTER SHORT TERM MAXIMAL SPRINT EXERCISE WAHL, P., ZINNER, C., HAEGELE, M., BLOCH, W., MESTER, J. GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY Introduction: Despite limited scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness, warm-up (WU) routines prior to exercise are a wellaccepted practice. As a result, warm-up procedures are usually based on the trial and error experience of the athlete or coach, rather than on scientific study. Several previous studies have demonstrated that a number of physiological changes occur with active warm-up, some of which are potentially capable of improving performance. The majority of the effects of warm up have been attributed to temperature-related mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of three different WU regimes on metabolism and performance during and after short term maximal exercise. Methods: At three subsequent visits to the laboratory, subjects (n=11) performed 30 s lasting maximal sprint tests on a cycle ergometer (SRM) with different prior warm up (WU) intensities: 1. without prior warming up (W), 2. extensive warm up (E): 12 min cycling at 60% of VO2 peak, 3. intensive warm up (I): 12 min cycling at 60% of VO2 peak including three 10 s lasting peaks at 200% of VO2 peak. After the warming up, subjects stayed in a sedentary position for 5 min, followed by the sprint test. Blood samples were taken under resting conditions, after warming up, before sprint exercise (pre M), and in minute intervals during recovery (0 min-15 min) to determine lactate concentrations [La]. Spirometric data were collected during the whole session. Results: The peak power (PP) output as well as the mean power (MP) output for the sprint test was significantly lower for W (PP: 951 ± 91 W & MP: 680 ± 181 W) compared to E & I (PP: 1007 ± 110 W & MP: 738 ± 192 W; E) (PP: 1022 ± 90 W & MP: 740 ± 191 W; I). [La] after WU were all significantly different from each other. After the 5 min rest only (I) was still significantly elevated. During the recovery period neither differences in [La] nor in La kinetics were found (only the increment directly after sprint test (pre M-0’) was significantly lower between (W) vs. (I)). Peak oxygen consumption after sprint tended to be higher after E & I conditions compared to W without reaching statistical significance. Discussion: Several possible effects of WU (systemic/local) are discussed in literature which might have an effect on performance. Our results show that performance during 30 s sprint is enhanced by WU irrespective of WU intensity. Contrary to previous studies (Gray et al. 2002) we found no differences in blood La accumulation. Improved performance was not related to differences in measured aerobic or anaerobic metabolism, although VO2 tended to increase higher after exercise (although muscle metabolism might be different). Although pre exercise [La] were different between the 3 conditions, high [La] had no negative effects on performance in this test, supporting the new view for La as a metabolite and signaling molecule and not as a factor of fatigue. DEVELOPING BODY COMPOSITION REGRESSION EQUATIONS FOR MALE ADOLESCENT ATHLETES. KUCUKKUBAS, N., HAZIR, T., ALPAR, R., ACIKADA, C. UNIVERSITY OF MUSTAFA KEMAL The objective of the study is to develop regression equations for the male adolescent athletes at the ages of 15-17 years old by using hydrostatic weighting as a criterion method. 155 male adolescent athletes (basketball, volleyball, football, handball, swimming, track and field athletes) participated voluntarily in this study. The athletes were training for at least 1 year, 2 hours/3 days/week. Body density (BD), body fat percentage (%BF), and lean body mass (LBM) were determined by using Hydrostatic Weighting (HW). Oxygen dilution method was used to determine residual volume. Anthropometric variables; body weight (BW) in kg, height (H) in cm, skinfold thicknesses (mm), circumferences (cm), width (cm) were measured. Resistance (R)(ohm) and reactance (ohm) measurements were taken by using Bioelectric Impedance (BIA). Resistance Index (RI) (cm2/ohm) was calculated by dividing H-squared to R. To develop regression equations, dependent and independent variables were treated to Multiple Stepwise Analysis after Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient determined between variables. Highest R-squared (0.77) and lowest SEE (0.00519) BD regression equations for anthropometric measurement is BD= 1.064 - 0.0001162(H) + 0.002204(age in years) + 0.0001633(BW) - 0.0007809(abdomen skinfold thickness) - 0.0005526(thigh skinfold thickness); highest R-squared (0.77) and lowest SEE (2.0795) BF% regression equations for anthropometric measurement is BF% =21.317 - 0.906(age in years) -0.02027(BW) + 0.305(abdomen skinfold thickness) + 0.202(thigh skinfold thickness); highest R-squared (0.97) and lowest SEE (1.487) LBM regression equations is LBM= -6.918 + 0.886(BW)+ 0.01794(RI) +0.635(age in years) -0.226 (abdomen skinfold thickness) -0.159(thigh skinfold thickness). All equations were then tested by using cross validation (R-squared for 1st and 2nd group are 0.79, 0.73; 0.80, 0.70 ;0.97, 0.96 respectively), by dividing the data randomly into two groups. Therefore, these high R-squared and low SEE regression equations were recommended for use in estimating BD, BF% and FFM of adolescent athletes. 14:15 - 15:15 Poster presentations PP-TT15 Training and Testing 15 CORRELATION BETWEEN ANXIETY AND CARDIAC LOAD IN TEAMGYM PERFORMANCE DE PERO, R., MINGANTI, C., CAPRANICA, L., AMICI, S., PIACENTINI, M.F. UNIVERSITY OF ROME Introduction: Teamgym is a fairly new and popular form of Gymnastics including only trampoline, tumbling and floor exercises. Compared with other categories of gymnasts, teamgym athletes reported a significantly higher occurrence of injuries (Harringe et al., 2007). Therefore, anxiety is the psychological factor most commonly linked to motor performance during gymnastics, often related to heart rate frequencies (Cottyn et al., 2006; Gramer, Saria, 2007). The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between anxiety, heart rate frequency and teamgym performance during National and European Championships. Methods: Ten Italian elite gymnasts, 5 males and 5 females, (mean age 21 ± 2) performed the same exercise program during National (NC) and European Teamgym Championships (EC). Gymnasts’ cardiac load (HR) was measured recording heart rate (Polar team System) 624 14 TH ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE
Saturday, June 27th, 2009 and was classified based on the percentage of time spent in three zones (Low-intensity: 95% HRmax). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAY-Y) (Spielberger, 1983) was administered to test the anxiety levels before competition. Friedman’s test Anova was calculated to verify the heart rate, anxiety levels and penalty scores differences in the two different competitions. Furthermore, correlations between heart rate, anxiety and penalties points were calculated. Results: Significant differences (p
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14 th annual Congress of the EUROPE
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Organisation Congress President - S
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Welcome On behalf of The European C
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Table of Contents IS-SS03 PERFORMIN
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Table of Contents PP-BM04 BIOMECHAN
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Table of Contents AUTHORS INDEX ...
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 isolatio
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 absolute
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 been per
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 13:00 -
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 HEART RA
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 MRF RESP
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 8-12 min
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Fukuda,
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Hasegawa
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 MIDGLEY,
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Discussi
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 conducte
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 individu
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 an indiv
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 course,t
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Spertus
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 SPACE-TI
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 tance of
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Relevanc
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 consider
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 COMPARAT
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 incremen
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Chiodo S
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 mawashi
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 STRESS A
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 DIFFEREN
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Results:
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 EFFECT O
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 experien
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Lefévre
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 of the v
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 sion (p0
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Conclusi
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 SUSTAINE
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 clinical
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 Results:
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 IMPROVEM
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 with fol
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 eration.
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 THE EFFE
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 skeletal
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 coeffici
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Wednesday, June 24th, 2009 McMahon
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Thursday,
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Hu G, Qia
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Discussio
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 entertain
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 (HRR60s),
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 evidence
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 dilatatio
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 08:30 - 1
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 fibers).
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 describin
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 biosynthe
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 EVALUATIO
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Gladden,
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 EXERCISE
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 MOTIVATIO
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Whereas t
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Sixteen y
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 LACTATE R
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 dPT value
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 and polar
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 HOW TO CA
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 ACUTE EFF
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 EFFECTS O
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 model ind
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 PEAK OXYG
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Results :
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 achieve o
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Meile, W.
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 crease of
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Backgroun
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 CHARACTER
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 sides, Th
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 differ si
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Two studi
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 letes. Es
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 CONCLUSIO
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 content.
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 the chang
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 certain d
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 However,
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 in identi
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 changes i
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 analyze t
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 good stre
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 motivatio
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 sample do
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Results:
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 THE DEPLE
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 ous after
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Results:
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Method: M
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Lukaski,
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 original
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 weight re
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 THE ’4
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 COGNITION
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 RESULTS :
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 4TH GRADE
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Mittag W,
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 useful to
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 if stress
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 In sequen
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 NON-LINEA
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 COMPARISO
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 2 Faculty
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 DOES PREC
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 mean head
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 the Medit
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 DIFFERENT
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 THE IMPAC
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 reflected
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 THE EFECT
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 MUSCLE FA
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 mated mal
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 logical s
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Eight hea
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 THE RATE
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Our data
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 IDENTIFYI
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 handicap
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 High pain
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 of childr
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 present n
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 ing sessi
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 Methods:
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 muscle fi
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 BRONCHIAL
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Thursday, June 25th, 2009 We conclu
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Sternberg,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 during the
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 broader soc
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Continuous
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 FOLLOW UP O
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 08:30 - 10:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 KENYAN DOMI
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 EFFECT OF C
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 08:30 - 10:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 describing
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 This work w
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 1. Bhasin E
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 BISS is a s
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 A COMPARISO
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 nation, str
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 total knee
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 BENEFITS OF
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 indicate a
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 IMMUNOFLUOR
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 either high
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 References
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 12:00 - 13:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 suggested t
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 THE EFFECT
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 were measur
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Mayer, T.,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 39 untraine
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 We showed t
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 14:15 - 15:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 nation. The
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Subjects: t
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Method: Eig
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 with a posi
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 ENDURANCE E
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 IL-4, IL-6,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 THE JUSTIFI
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 water exerc
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Tisdale MJ.
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Lira FS, Ta
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 days assumi
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 obtained fr
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Colella D e
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Results: Tw
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 PHYSICAL AC
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Discussion:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Conclusions
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 LATERAL SPE
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 curve (iT),
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Body weight
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 METHODS OF
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 FIRST RESUL
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 JS and JF w
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Methods: To
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 • Bandura
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 pared to le
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 HORSE-RIDIN
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 COMPLEMENTA
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 14:15 - 15:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 stroke at 9
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 years). For
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 LACTATE AND
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 THE RELATIO
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 showed that
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 condition w
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 TIME TO EXH
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 The results
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 [2] Del Mon
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Conclusions
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 The aim of
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 3) POKORN,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 14:15 - 15:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 adjustment
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 was evaluat
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 their actio
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 The main ob
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 et al., 199
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 chemistry,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 15:15 - 16:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 15:15 - 16:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 ELECTROMYOG
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 THE MELATON
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 GENDER DIFF
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Savulescu,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Moget, P &
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 implicit in
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Maykut, P.,
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 Methods: Th
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 17:15 - 18:
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 FASTER PLAY
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 EFFECTS OF
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 separately.
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Friday, June 26th, 2009 EFFECTS OF
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Scheiber
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 the inten
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 08:30 - 1
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 nomic ner
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 DUE TO TH
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 tations,
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 activity
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 In Experi
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 The prese
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Kohler G
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Results:
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 after A4.
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Reference
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 The resul
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Through s
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 HOW DOSE
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 a more re
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 THE KINET
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 and the i
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 cyclists
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 using an
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Andersen,
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Sixteen h
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Methods:
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 P.D. Tomp
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Methods:
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 EFFECT OF
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 counterpa
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Discussio
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 REFERENCE
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Results:
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Discussio
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 between v
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Roche AF,
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Saturday, June 27th, 2009 Departmen
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Page 641 and 642: Authors index ANNA, A..............
Page 643 and 644: Authors index BRISSWALTER, J. .....
Page 645 and 646: Authors index D D ELIA, F..........
Page 647 and 648: Authors index FERES, A.............
Page 649 and 650: Authors index GRENIER, J. .........
Page 651 and 652: Authors index IBAÑEZ, J. .........
Page 653 and 654: Authors index KISHI, Y. ...........
Page 655 and 656: Authors index LEWIS, N.C.S. .......
Page 657 and 658: Authors index MENDIGUCHÍA, J......
Page 659 and 660: Authors index NOBORU, T............
Page 661 and 662: Authors index PODLOG, L............
Page 663 and 664: Authors index SAKAI, T.............
Page 665 and 666: Authors index SMITH, R.S. .........
Page 667 and 668: Authors index TORDI, N. ...........
Page 669: Authors index WILLERSLEV-OLSEN, M..
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