european college of sport science

Saturday, June 27th, 2009
SD±0.59 attempts) and 1.96% successful ones (M=1.50, SD±0.70 attempts). If the new regulations were applied, athletes would achieve a
mean height difference of 9.34cm (SD±4.82) between start and finish.
Female high jumpers (N=105), start the competition at a mean height of 184.11cm (SD±2.38) and conclude at 195.02cm (SD±5.19), with a
mean height difference of 10.90cm (SD±5.00). During the event they perform a mean of 8.21 attempts (SD±2.34), classified as either
successful (M=3.90, SD±1.76) or failed (M=4.30, SD±1.14). Following the fourth foul 37.14% of them perform failed attempts (M=1.54,
SD±0.75 attempts) and 5.71% successful ones (M=1.17, SD±0.40 attempts). If the new regulations were applied, female athletes would
achieve a mean height difference of 10.71cm (SD±4.82) between start and finish.
Discussion: Data demonstrate that the new rules would have resulted in a decrease in the event final performance (1.05% and 1.74% for
males and females respectively), due to a mean attempt restrain of 7.00±4.00 and 8.50±3.85, in each final, for males and females
respectively. No data however was available for variables such as the time duration of the event and our statistical analyses were based
exclusively on the results recorded with the current regulations. Therefore, further research is required before drawing permanent conclusions
regarding possible effects on the high jump event duration and athletes’ tactics.
References
European Athletics, Regulations for European Team Championships, 2009. [online] available from: < http://www.europeanathletics.org/files/app3_-_european_team_championships-regulations-october_2008.pdf
> [accessed 9/12/2008]
IAAF (2009). IAAF competition rules 2009. Monaco: International Association of Athletic Federations.
THE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN TEHNICAL AND TACTICAL ELEMENTS OF JUDO BASED ON THREE WOMEN BAL-
KAN’S CHAMPIONSHIPS
TORLAKOVIC, A., KAJMOVIC, H., RADJO, I., KAPO, S.
INTERNATIONAL BURCH UNIVERSITY, SARAJEVO
Introduction: The objective of this research was conducted in order to determine the differences in technical and tactical elements of
women judo fights on Balkan’s Championships and to compare levels of differences in using tactical and technical elements during
competition activities. A sample of 137 judo matches on three Balkan’s Championships was used (2001/2002 and 2006).
Methods
In the purpose of analysis, we must introduce technical and tactical variables. For this research canonical discriminated analysis was
used to determine the differences in particular situations (Rc, Wilk’s Lambda, Barttler’s test, Test of functions, Structure, Matrix, Chi-square).
Results: The result of this analysis show that there are statistically significant differences between matches on Balkan’s Championships
2001/2002 and 2006. Summary of canonical discriminate functions show one isolated discriminated function.
The x2 (Chi Square) test was used to determine the differences between indicators for situational efficiency. The results show statistically
important differences between fights on tree Balkan’s Championships for:
Place of attack on the tatami (x2 = 25.5; df = 1; p = 0.000)
Technical points and penalties (x 2 = 27.0; df = 8; p = 0.001)
Elapsed time (x2 = 9.36; df = 1; p = 0.002)
Grips configuration (x2 = 7.75; df = 2; p = 0.021)
Discussion: Main reason for those differences is changing of judo rules during 2002-2006 periods, made by IJF. According to them, there
is no red square on tatami, penalties and match duration for women are changed and “gold point” is introduced. These parameters
were gathered concerning real fight at the highest competitive level. Also, regarding all analyzed matches, the differences were noticed
in frequency of used techniques between NAGE WAZA and KATAME WAZA groups. Given results might be used for programming and
training process control improvement in judo for senior female fighters in Bosnia and Herzegovina and wider.
References
Adams, N (1995). Grips, Ippon Books, Ltd
Kajmovic, H, Radjo, I., Kapo, S (2006). Differences in performance of situational efficiency between senior male and female participants at
the European championships in judo, 2003 & 2004. International Society of Performance Analysis of Sport, Hungary
Sterkowicz, S (1998). Differences in the tournament activity of women and man in judo. Research paper, Institute of Sport Warsaw, Poland.
RACING STRATEGY IN BMX COMPETITION
SMIT, A.
NETHERLANDS OLYMPIC COMITTEE*NETHERLANDS SPORT FEDERATION
Introduction: Theories based on time trial studies indicate an advantage of a fast start for short and middle distance cycling events. However,
when competing at the same time against other competitors, tactics also plays a role in pacing and winning. The main purpose of
this study was to determine which racing strategies elite riders use to distinguish themselves from sub-elite riders.
Methods: The measurements were done during a European Championship round of Bicycle Motocross (BMX). The course was 358m
long and divided in 6 sections (S1-S6), with the aid of the start, 5 strategic points (T1: after 10m; T2-T5 after each straight) and the finish (TF).
With use of multiple video cameras, time and rank on T1-T5 and TF were recorded during the semi-finals of this race in the category Elite
Men. From this, split-time, section-speed, normalized split-time, and final-time were determined. Split-ranking and final ranking was also
determined. A Student’s t-test was used to determine differences between elite riders (top 5) and sub-elite riders (11-16).
Results: Elite riders have a higher normalized split-time (p