european college of sport science

PP-PP05 Physical Education and Pedagogics 5
The instrument used for the detection of the EE is the SenseWare Armband, put on the right arm of the students. It records data on the EE
calculated thanks to an exclusive and patented algorithm in different conditions and environments.
Data have been collected firstly during teaching interventions based on the traditional methodology (frontal lesson) and, subsequently,
during psychomotor activities inside the historical and spatial subject-areas.
Results: The data emerged during the teaching activities were assessed in relationship with many variables as the method used, the sex
of the student and the class he/she belonged to.
Discussion: The expected results will allow to evaluate the possible relationship between the caloric expenditure and the teaching methods
used. The meaning and aim of this research is to find a scientific justification to foster the active use of a psychomotor approach from
which a learning process related to a healthy energy expenditure can take advantage. This can be the base on which to build up the
wellness of the students of the Italian primary and low secondary school who currently spend most of his/her school life in a sedentary
way.
References
- Babin, J., Vlahovic, L., Bavcevic, T., (2008). Influence of specially programmed PE lessons of morphological characteristics changes of 7
year-old pupils. Proceeding Book of the 5th International Conference on Kinesiology. Zagreb: Croatia.
- Breslauer, N., Zivcic, K. & Nicolic, I. (2008). Influence of different physical education curricula on the fifth-grade pupils motor abilities.
Proceeding Book of the 5th International Conference on Kinesiology. Zagreb: Croatia.
- Dollman, J., Norton, K. & Norton, L. (2005). Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behaviour. British Journal of Sports
Medicine 2005;39:892-897.
- Gallese, V. (2006a) Intentional attunement: A neurophysiological perspective on social cognition. Brain Res. Cog. Brain Res., 1079: 15-24.
- Iacoboni, M., Molnar-Szakacs, I., Gallese, V., Buccino, G., Mazziotta, J., and Rizzolatti, G. (2005) Grasping the intentions of others with
one’s owns mirror neuron system. PLOS Biology, 3: 529-535.
EVALUATION OF GROSS MOTOR SKILLS IN CHILDREN IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
CEPICKA, L., SPLITEK, M., KOTCHEROVA, I.
UNIVERSITY OF WEST BOHEMIA, FACULTY OF EDUCATION
Introduction: Gross motor skills are important for social interaction on the playground, for performance in physical education and they
contribute meaningfully to a physically active childhood. Many physical educators consider these skills to be the most important motor
skills in motor development because they are the cornerstones of many games (Butterfield, & Loovis, 1993; Williams, 1992). The aim of this
study is to evaluate the developmental disorders in gross motor skills in Czech children through the Test of Gross Motor Development-2
(Ulrich, 2000).
Methods: Three hundred and fifteen children with a mean age of 7.9 years (SD = 1.09) participated; one hundred and fifty two were boys
(M age = 7.85 years, SD = 1.05), and one hundred and sixty three were girls (M age = 7.96 years, SD = 1.13). Towards to compare results
with US norm population, children have been divided into ten groups by age and gender; such as six years boys (from 5.5 to 6.49 years),
seven years boys (from 6.5 to 7.49 years), other groups have been defined equally.Results: Czech children scored much lower in all
categories. To evaluate a significance of differences between CZ and US norm population the effect size has been used. This shows that
performance of Czech children is strongly behind American ones.
Discussion: Upwards denies conclusion of preliminary study which supposed that performance of Czech girls is similar to the performance
of American girls. Now it appeared that when compared to American all Czech children scored lower. There would be different kind
of explanation. These results are similar to the study on Dutch children by Houwen, Visscher, Hartman, and Lemmink (2007). These authors
conclude that some skills are more typical of the American sport culture than for the Dutch children. This may have caused different
performance of both Dutch and Czech children.
Acknowledgement: This study has been supported by a grant from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic no. 406/07/0168.
References
Butterfield S, Loovis E. (1993). Influence of age, sex, balance, and sport participation on development of throwing by children in grades K-
8. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 459-464.
Houven S, Visscher Ch, Hartman E, Lemmink KAPM. (2007). Gross motor skills and sports participation of children with visual impairments.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 16-23.
Ulrich DA. (2000). The Test of Gross Motor Development. (2nd Edition). Austin, TX: PRO-ED Publishers.
Williams N. (1992). Throwing and catching: a steady diet. Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance, 64, 14.
HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND DISABILITY. RELATIONSHIP PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT.
HUERTAS, J.A., HERRADOR, M., LÓPEZ, S., RUIZ, I.
UNIVERSITY OF JAÉN
Introduction: Today you can design special education as a science that is included in the educational sciences and is part of the historical
process of social integration of these people. Therefore it is necessary to undertake a journey through different historical stages in the
concept of disability, their relationship with the sport and the development of education in special education. The main objective of this
review will examine the historical evolution that has taken disability in relation to physical education and sport and its influence on the
normalization of the individual.
Methods: It has a historical and legislative, to check both the legal reality of the disabled as the social and the involvement of sport for
their normal development, through a discussion group, consisting of specialists in physical education.
Results: It has shown that the concept of disability and its relationship to sport has been narrowing due to the social reality they demanded,
with a full phasing in society as the legal framework has been adapted to this need . At present it appears that the measures
being taken are necessary to bring about a normalization of the individual and thus to encourage social inclusion. Also in education,
physical education curriculum has undergone a transformation that has produced an adaptation of both the media and the teaching
process - learning.
Discussions: The sport has been a key part to the success of disabled people through formal education (school) as well as informal
education (through partnerships, programs, etc.).. Similarly through the current rules are guaranteed full rights to their normal develop-
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