european college of sport science

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Results: No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for performance variables attained on the NMT on the same day or between
days, demonstrating that no systematic bias was present. For intra-day measurements, ratio limits of agreement indicated that split times
over 10 (0.99 */÷ 1.14), 20 (0.99 */÷ 1.07), and 30 m (0.99 */÷ 1.06), peak running speed (1 */÷ 1.05) and force (1 */÷ 1.04) demonstrated the
least variance. The highest levels of agreement between days were observed in 10 (1.04 */÷ 1.16), 20 (1.02 */÷ 1.09) and 30 m (1.02 */÷
1.07) split times, mean (0.99 */÷ 1.07) and peak (1 */÷ 1.06) running speed. The coefficient of variation was < 9% for all variables for intra-
and inter-day measurements except time to peak running speed (11.9 and 13.5% respectively). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were
observed between split times over 10, 20 and 30 m on the NMT and over-ground running, with times consistently lower by approximately
30% during over-ground running over all distances. However, a significant correlation (r = 0.8, P < 0.05) between over-ground and NMT
sprint times indicated that faster sprinters over-ground were predominantly faster on the NMT.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that measurements of sprint time and peak running speed provide the most reliable measures of
sprint performance on a NMT. Measurements of both power and force demonstrate acceptable levels of agreement and may also
provide useful information for sprint-related research studies and the assessment and monitoring of multiple-sprint sport athletes. Whilst
agreement between sprint performance over-ground and on the NMT was poor, NMT ergometry may provide a viable indication of overground
sprint performance by identifying slower and faster athletes.
NANDROLONE EXCRETION IN SEDENTARY VERSUS PHYSICALLY TRAINED YOUNG WOMEN
ENEA, C., BOISSEAU, N., PETITPAS-MULLIEZ, J., DIAZ, V., DUGUÉ, B.
UNIVERSITY OF POITIERS, FRANCE
We investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle, oral contraception and physical training on exhaustive exercise-induced changes in
the excretion of nandrolone metabolites (19-norandrosterone (19-NA), and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE)) in young women.
Twenty-eight women were allocated to an untrained group (n=16) or a trained group (n=12), depending on their physical training background.
The untrained group was composed of nine oral contraceptive users (OC+) and seven eumenorrheic women (OC-), while the
trained group was entirely composed of OC+ subjects. Three laboratory sessions were conducted in a randomised order: a prolonged
exercise test, a short-term exercise test and a control session. Urine specimens were collected before and 30, 60 and 90 minutes after
the exercise test and at the same times of the day during the control session. Urinary concentrations of nandrolone metabolites were
determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
Urinary concentrations of 19-NA and 19-NE ranged from undetectable levels to 1.14 ng/mL and 0.47 ng/mL, respectively. Nandrolone
excretion was not affected by the menstrual cycle phase (early follicular vs. mid-luteal), prior physical training, oral contraception or acute
physical exercise. Therefore, a urinary concentration of 2 ng/mL of 19-NA appears to be fair as the upper acceptable limit in doping
control tests for female athletes.
EXAMINATION OF BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION MEASURED BY THE OSM2 INSTRUMENT
MEDBØ, J.
NATIONALE INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Introduction: Blood hemoglobin concentration is regularly measured by automatic instruments that report the value in around 1 min. This
may be convenient, for example when testing athletes for possibly too high concentrations. The OSM2 from Radio-meter is an example of
such instruments. Results from that instrument have been compared with those of a time-con-suming but very accurate reference
method using the hemi-globin-cyanide principle. It was of particular interest to see to what extent OSM2 reports the hemoglobin concentration
accurately and precisely. Moreover, possible sources of bias were examined. It was also examined whether arterial and femoralvenous
blood were affected similarly.
Methods: Four healthy, moderately trained young men (nonsmokers) cycled for 2 min to exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn from
indwelling catheters in the femoral artery and vein before exercise, during exercise, and in the 1 h recovery. Blood hemoglobin concentration
was analyzed using both the OSM2 and the hemiglobin-cyanide method of Baxter Dade. In addition blood acid-base parameters
were measured [1].
Results: Blood hemoglobin concentrations reported by the OSM2 were linearly related to those of the control method with a random
variation of 0.14 mmol/L (1.5%). For arterial blood OSM2 showed a constant bias of –0.36 mmol/L (–4%). For femoral-venous blood the
bias varied by the hemoglobin concentra-tion, being negative at low concentrations and positive at high concentrations (–3 to +2%).
Consequently, the arterio-venous (a-v) difference differed systematically between the two methods. The varying bias in the results of
OSM2 for femoral-venous samples correlated with blood pH, pCO2, O2-saturation of hemoglobin (sO2), and with the hemoglobin concentration
itself (cHb). Partial correlation analyses sug-gest that only the latter two correlations were independent, while correlations of the
bias with pH and pCO2 were removed when correcting for the effect of sO2 and cHb.
Conclusions: OSM2 measures blood hemoglobin concentration quite precisely, but there is a variable bias of up to 4% in absolute value.
At high hemoglobin concentration the instruments reports too high values for femoral-venous blood. The instru-ment does not report a-v
differences reliably. A review of the literature suggests that problems identified here may be present in other instruments using similar
principles too.
References
1. Medbø JI, Hanem S, Noddeland H, Jebens E. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168: 311–326.
2. Medbø. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009; 69: 92–101.
EFFICIENCY AT HIGH WORK RATES IN WORLD CLASS SKIERS
ETTEMA, G., SANDBAKK, Ø., LEIRDAL, S., HOLMBERG, H.C.
1.HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE PROGRAMME, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRONDHEIM, NORWAY, 2 OLYM-
PIATOPPEN MIDT-NORGE, TRONDHEIM, NORWAY, 3 SWEDISH WINTER SPORTS RESEARCH CENTRE, DEPARTMEN
Introduction: Energy delivery and mechanical efficiency, a measure related to technique, are key factors in endurance performance.
Efficiency is normally measured at low intensities to obtain steady state aerobic conditions. However, in competitive skiing, efficiency is
important at higher intensities with a combination of aerobic and anaerobic energy delivery. Therefore, the present study aimed to study
efficiency at relatively high, and up to maximal, work rates. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the effects of performance level by
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