european college of sport science

PP-CO03 Coaching 3
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ROTATIONAL THROW AND THE GLIDE THROW TECHNIQUES ON SHOT PUT EVENT
AOYAMA, S., FUKUDA, S., AOYAMA, T., TSUNODA, N.
UNIVIRSITY OF KOKUSHIKAN
Introduction: In recently, many shot put throwers performing the rotational throw technique is increasing in shot put event. What are some
of the advantage and disadvantage of the rotational throw and the glide throw techniques. The purpose of this study was to clarify the
difference of technical factors between the rotational throw and the glide throw techniques for design of skill training program.
Methods: Subjects were seven male Japanese right-handed elite shot put throwers who can use the rotational throw and the glide throw
techniques (age:22.7±2.3yrs, height:176.6±6.8cm, body weight:107.6±15.1kg, rotational throw:14.1±1.3m, glide throw:13.4±1.5m). All the
subjects performed total six throws that three rotational throw technique and three glide throw technique same as a competition rules.
Rotational throw technique and glide throw technique were measured by 3-D analysis (APAS) that was analyzed for release speed,
release angle, release high, shot acceleration (horizontal, vertical and total acceleration) and shot movement speed. Throwing movement
was divided by turn-phase and push-phase during shot put movement.
Results: Shot put performance was significantly related to the release speed in both throw techniques (rotational throw: r=0.501, glide
throw: r=0.579). Shot acceleration of vertically and total acceleration in rotational throw technique were significantly higher than glide
throw technique during the push-phase. Similarly, shot moved speed in the rotational throw technique was significantly higher than the
glide throw technique during the on turn-phase.
Discussion: From these results, it was cleared that developing of the release speed is most important factor in shot put for both throwing
techniques. The rotational throw technique to the pushing vertical direction may important factor during the push-phase. And also, the
rotational throw technique may energy stored on lower limb and trunk during the turn-phase in the rotational throw skill training.
References
Luhtanen P, Blonqvist M, Vanttinen T. (1997) New studies in athletics 12 (4), 25-33
Redding J.A. (1988) Track and field quarterly review 3 15-18
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENT SPRINT START POSITION IN NOVICE ATHLETES
MILANESE, C.
FACULTY OF MOTOR SCIENCES
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENT SPRINT START POSITIONS IN NOVICE ATHLETES
Milanese Chiara*,**, Bertucco Matteo*,***, Ferrari Giorgia*, Zancanaro Carlo*,**
*Faculty of Motor Sciences, **Department of Morphological and Biomedical Sciences, ***Department of Neurological and Visual Sciences,
University of Verona, Italy
Introduction: The kinematic patterns of elite athletes performing the sprint start in the track received considerable attention (1-5) in attempt
to provide coaches and athletes an invariant biomechanical model for training; however, little information regarding novice athletes is
available. Novice athletes tend to stand up too soon when leaving the blocks, thereby gaining little benefit, if any, from the original block
position. This study was aimed at examining whether changing the angle at the knee joint in the rear leg in the set position, influence
step length and velocity of the centre of mass (COM) in the first two steps. Results would help defining the best start position of novice
sprinters.
Methods: Eleven novice sprinters (6 males and 5 females, age 23,5 ± 2,12 yrs, height 1,72 ± 0,05 m, weight 60,9 ± 5,52 kg) took part in
this study. Participants were asked to perform the sprint start at three different knee angles of the rear leg (90°, 115°, 135°). The block was
placed at a medium block spacing according to Schot & Knutzen (1992). Each subject performed 10 trials at each knee angle. Kinematic
analyses were performed with a VICON (8 cameras, 250Hz) system and software to yield the traveled distance and the COM velocity in
the two first steps in the horizontal direction.
Results: The results indicate that horizontal velocity of COM at the first step is greater at 90° (p=0,019 and p=0,05 vs 115° and 135°, respectively);
at the second step, the COM velocity was greater at 90° than 115° or 135°; however, a significant difference was only present
at 115° vs 135° (p=0,020). No significant difference was found in the length of the first two steps, although the greatest value was at 90°.
Discussion: These preliminary results indicated that novice sprinters produce greater velocity and step length with a rear leg knee angle
between 90° and 115°. It can be hypothesized that, in novice athletes and in the given block setting, lower angles allow to develop larger
force in the muscle groups involved in sprint start. Analysis of EMG data is presently being undertaken to validate such hypothesis. Further,
analysis of the thrust angle will show whether lower angles at the knee make the novices’ performance closer to that of experienced
sprinters. This would help coaches in choosing the more effective angle at the knee of the rear leg, which is currently suggested in the
134° -145° range.
References
1. Mero et al. (1983). Scand J Sport Sci, 5(1) 20-26
2. Schot & Knutzen (1992). Res Q Exerc Sport, 63(2), 137-147
3. Harland & Steele (1997). Sports Med, 23(1), 11-20
4. Coh et al. (1998). Gymnica, 28, 33-42
5. Coh & Tomazin (2006). New Studies in Athletics, 21(3), 23-33.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISUAL ACUITY AND GAME PERFORMANCE IN WATER POLO
KOMORI, Y., MOCHIZUKI, K., ENOMOTO, I., MAEDA, A., KONO, I.
DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY
Introduction: Recently the number of people who are shortsighted have increased in Japan. Likewise the number of reports on the importance
of correcting visual acuity from the standpoint of game performance and safety in sports have also increased. Players of water polo
are unable to correct their visual acuity since players are prohibited from using glasses or swimming goggles during play. Thus low
visual acuity players use contact lenses in the water. Disposable type lenses are becoming popular with those players who use contact
lenses. However, players without corrected visual acuity are also playing the game even though their uncorrected visual acuity is below
0.1 (Komori, 1998.) It is known that a decline of vision affects game performance in baseball and table tennis. However, the relationship
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