european college of sport science

PP-ML02 Motor learning 2
comparing World Class and National level athletes. Methods: Eight world class (26.1±3.5 yr, 184.8±5.6 cm, 83.3±6.4 kg, fat percent
8.8±2.6%, FIS-points 20.5±13.1) and eight national class (24.5±2.3 yr, 186.4±6.6cm, 82.8±6.6 kg, fat percent 9.9±1.5%, FIS-points
87.4±27.7) Norwegian male cross country skiers participated in the study. After a preliminary warm up, all athletes performed three 5min
stages at 14, 16 and 18 km h-1 on a 5% inclination using the skating V-2 technique while roller skiing on a treadmill. Furthermore, the
athletes performed an incremental treadmill velocity test at a 5% incline, leading to a maximal obtainable speed after 5-7min. Gross
efficiency was calculated by external power output divided by internal power. External power was calculated taking into account both
work rate against gravity and frictional rolling forces. Internal power was calculated using gas exchange and blood lactate values. The
effect of velocity on efficiency and group differences with regard to this was tested using a one-way ANOVA for repeated measures.
Furthermore, the groups were compared for efficiency at their own maximal speed during the incremental test. Results: Compared at
absolute work rates (i.e., the 3 velocities) the world class skiers showed higher efficiencies than the national class (15.17±0.37%;
15.15±0.43%; 15.21±0.63% vs 13.95±0.71%; 14.43±0.58%; 14.54±0.57%, at 14, 16 and 18 km h-1, respectively). The group differences were
highly significant (P=0.002). The statistical analysis showed that the velocity effect was not significant (P=0.073). The apparent small trend
was caused by the difference between 14 and 16 km h-1 in the national class group. Compared at relative work rates (maximal speed
during the incremental test) the 2 groups seemed to have a similar difference in efficiency, as at absolute work rates, but it did not reach
statistical significance (15.58±1.04% vs. 14.78±0.62%; P=0.083). Discussion: The current results indicate that, in addition to the higher
energy delivery capacity, world class athletes also utilise a more effective technique at an absolute work rate (i.e., velocity) than national
level athletes. However, at the same relative work rate, these differences, at least statistically, are less clear.
NUTRITION STRATEGIES FOR A 3-WEEK SOLO DESERT CROSSING: A CASE STUDY
KOEHLER, K., HUELSEMANN, F., DEMAREES, M., BRAUN, H., MESTER, J., SCHAENZER, W.
GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY COLOGNE
INTRODUCTION: Under extreme conditions such as during expeditions, nutrition may become a limiting factor for the extremist’s health
and performance. The diet should provide sufficient energy in order to minimize the use of endogenous stores such as adipose tissue
and muscle protein.
In the present case, a dietary regimen was prepared for an unsupported solo crossing of the Atacama desert (Chile/Peru). During the
designated route of approximately 700 km altitude varied from 600 to 4300 m. Due to restricted transport capacity, it was necessary to
closely calculate the energetic requirements of marching under varying conditions (load, inclination, altitude).
METHODS: All measurements were performed on the same subject (35 y, 197 cm, basal weight: 80 kg). Treadmill walking tests were
conducted with speed increasing from 2 to 7 km/h. A total of 8 tests were performed a) with and without an inclination of 7.5 %, b) with
and without additional weight of 30 kg and c) at sea level and in a hypobaric chamber at simulated altitude of 3500 m.
During each walking test, indirect calorimetry was performed to calculate energy expenditure (EE). Furthermore heart rate was recorded,
capillary lactic acid was determined and steps were counted using the SenseWear Pro3 Armband. In simulated altitude, oxygen saturation
was also measured.
During the desert crossing, the SenseWear Pro 3 Armband was worn during all wake periods and used to calculate walking speed. EE
was extrapolated using an algorithm previously determined with treadmill data. Additionally, the subject recorded his diet and used
global positioning system (GPS) to confirm his position occasionally.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION: EE during the simulation increased exponentially with walking speed, at sea level without inclination and without
additional weight from 1.9 +- 0.1 (2 km/h) to 3.9 +- 0.2 kcal/min (7 km/h). In average, EE was increased by the additional weight (30 kg) by
3.5 +- 0.2 kcal/min, by simulated altitude by 1.7 +- 0.2 kcal/min and by an inclination of 7.5 % by 2.6 +- 0.2 kcal/min.
Maximal EE of 11.1 +- 0.7 kcal/min was reached at simulated altitude with additional weight and inclination at a speed of 5 km/h, when
the subject aborted due to exhaustion. Under these conditions, peak values of heart rate (165 /min) and lactic acid (3.8 mmol/L) were
reached and oxygen saturation was reduced to 76 %.
The most efficient walking speed was 5 km/h. At this speed EE lay in the range of 32 +- 2 kcal/km (sea level, no additional weight, no
inclination) and 133 +- 8 kcal/km (3500 m altitude, additional weight, 7.5 % inclination).
During the crossing the subject walked a total 597 km (26 +- 7 km/d) during 158 h (6.9 +- 1.8 h/d) in an average speed of 3.8 +- 0.4
km/h, which was later verified by GPS data. Daily EE (4646 +- 963 kcal/d) was substantially higher than energy intake (1873 +- 761 kcal/d).
The difference of 2772 +- 1390 kcal/d was in good agreement with the actual weight loss of 10.5 kg.
14:15 - 15:15
Poster presentations
PP-ML02 Motor learning 2
FIFTEEN-YEAR EXPERIENCE OF USE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE DEVICES DURING SCOLIOTIC DISEASE TREATMENT
ULYANOV, D., KOVALENKO, T., SHKLYARENKO, A.
VOLGOGRAD STATE UNIVERSITY
Present research actual continuity. At the present moment developmental physiology focuses its particular interest on a very important
part of vital activity: infantile motor activity. Children and teenagers physiological activity has multiple forms and motor actions. Two forms
of hypodynamia (enforces and spontaneous) are observed in its functional structure. From the point of view of physical culture, the enforced
form of hypodynamia is more common for sclerotic disease.
Study methods and management. The research presents analysis of fifteen-year experience of children and teenagers locomotor apparatus
multifunctional changes during the scoliotic disease treatment with the use of physical culture devices.
Research results and their discussion. The reasonability of abandonment of traditional orthopedics prohibition system to use all range of
physical culture devices providing natural development of central motor programs with accurate exercise selection excluding asymmetry
according to the principle of individual load dosage was proved. We made new methodological approaches towards physical exercise
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ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE