european college of sport science

PP-TT15 Training and Testing 15
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WARM UP INTENSITIES ON POWER OUTPUT AND METABOLISM DURING AND AFTER SHORT
TERM MAXIMAL SPRINT EXERCISE
WAHL, P., ZINNER, C., HAEGELE, M., BLOCH, W., MESTER, J.
GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY
Introduction: Despite limited scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness, warm-up (WU) routines prior to exercise are a wellaccepted
practice. As a result, warm-up procedures are usually based on the trial and error experience of the athlete or coach, rather
than on scientific study. Several previous studies have demonstrated that a number of physiological changes occur with active warm-up,
some of which are potentially capable of improving performance. The majority of the effects of warm up have been attributed to temperature-related
mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of three different WU regimes on metabolism
and performance during and after short term maximal exercise.
Methods: At three subsequent visits to the laboratory, subjects (n=11) performed 30 s lasting maximal sprint tests on a cycle ergometer
(SRM) with different prior warm up (WU) intensities: 1. without prior warming up (W), 2. extensive warm up (E): 12 min cycling at 60% of VO2
peak, 3. intensive warm up (I): 12 min cycling at 60% of VO2 peak including three 10 s lasting peaks at 200% of VO2 peak. After the warming
up, subjects stayed in a sedentary position for 5 min, followed by the sprint test. Blood samples were taken under resting conditions,
after warming up, before sprint exercise (pre M), and in minute intervals during recovery (0 min-15 min) to determine lactate concentrations
[La]. Spirometric data were collected during the whole session.
Results: The peak power (PP) output as well as the mean power (MP) output for the sprint test was significantly lower for W (PP: 951 ± 91 W
& MP: 680 ± 181 W) compared to E & I (PP: 1007 ± 110 W & MP: 738 ± 192 W; E) (PP: 1022 ± 90 W & MP: 740 ± 191 W; I).
[La] after WU were all significantly different from each other. After the 5 min rest only (I) was still significantly elevated. During the recovery
period neither differences in [La] nor in La kinetics were found (only the increment directly after sprint test (pre M-0’) was significantly lower
between (W) vs. (I)). Peak oxygen consumption after sprint tended to be higher after E & I conditions compared to W without reaching
statistical significance.
Discussion: Several possible effects of WU (systemic/local) are discussed in literature which might have an effect on performance. Our
results show that performance during 30 s sprint is enhanced by WU irrespective of WU intensity. Contrary to previous studies (Gray et al.
2002) we found no differences in blood La accumulation. Improved performance was not related to differences in measured aerobic or
anaerobic metabolism, although VO2 tended to increase higher after exercise (although muscle metabolism might be different). Although
pre exercise [La] were different between the 3 conditions, high [La] had no negative effects on performance in this test, supporting
the new view for La as a metabolite and signaling molecule and not as a factor of fatigue.
DEVELOPING BODY COMPOSITION REGRESSION EQUATIONS FOR MALE ADOLESCENT ATHLETES.
KUCUKKUBAS, N., HAZIR, T., ALPAR, R., ACIKADA, C.
UNIVERSITY OF MUSTAFA KEMAL
The objective of the study is to develop regression equations for the male adolescent athletes at the ages of 15-17 years old by using
hydrostatic weighting as a criterion method. 155 male adolescent athletes (basketball, volleyball, football, handball, swimming, track and
field athletes) participated voluntarily in this study. The athletes were training for at least 1 year, 2 hours/3 days/week. Body density (BD),
body fat percentage (%BF), and lean body mass (LBM) were determined by using Hydrostatic Weighting (HW). Oxygen dilution method
was used to determine residual volume. Anthropometric variables; body weight (BW) in kg, height (H) in cm, skinfold thicknesses (mm),
circumferences (cm), width (cm) were measured. Resistance (R)(ohm) and reactance (ohm) measurements were taken by using Bioelectric
Impedance (BIA). Resistance Index (RI) (cm2/ohm) was calculated by dividing H-squared to R. To develop regression equations, dependent
and independent variables were treated to Multiple Stepwise Analysis after Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient determined
between variables. Highest R-squared (0.77) and lowest SEE (0.00519) BD regression equations for anthropometric measurement
is BD= 1.064 - 0.0001162(H) + 0.002204(age in years) + 0.0001633(BW) - 0.0007809(abdomen skinfold thickness) - 0.0005526(thigh
skinfold thickness); highest R-squared (0.77) and lowest SEE (2.0795) BF% regression equations for anthropometric measurement is BF%
=21.317 - 0.906(age in years) -0.02027(BW) + 0.305(abdomen skinfold thickness) + 0.202(thigh skinfold thickness); highest R-squared
(0.97) and lowest SEE (1.487) LBM regression equations is LBM= -6.918 + 0.886(BW)+ 0.01794(RI) +0.635(age in years) -0.226 (abdomen
skinfold thickness) -0.159(thigh skinfold thickness). All equations were then tested by using cross validation (R-squared for 1st and 2nd
group are 0.79, 0.73; 0.80, 0.70 ;0.97, 0.96 respectively), by dividing the data randomly into two groups. Therefore, these high R-squared
and low SEE regression equations were recommended for use in estimating BD, BF% and FFM of adolescent athletes.
14:15 - 15:15
Poster presentations
PP-TT15 Training and Testing 15
CORRELATION BETWEEN ANXIETY AND CARDIAC LOAD IN TEAMGYM PERFORMANCE
DE PERO, R., MINGANTI, C., CAPRANICA, L., AMICI, S., PIACENTINI, M.F.
UNIVERSITY OF ROME
Introduction: Teamgym is a fairly new and popular form of Gymnastics including only trampoline, tumbling and floor exercises. Compared
with other categories of gymnasts, teamgym athletes reported a significantly higher occurrence of injuries (Harringe et al., 2007).
Therefore, anxiety is the psychological factor most commonly linked to motor performance during gymnastics, often related to heart rate
frequencies (Cottyn et al., 2006; Gramer, Saria, 2007). The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between anxiety,
heart rate frequency and teamgym performance during National and European Championships.
Methods: Ten Italian elite gymnasts, 5 males and 5 females, (mean age 21 ± 2) performed the same exercise program during National
(NC) and European Teamgym Championships (EC). Gymnasts’ cardiac load (HR) was measured recording heart rate (Polar team System)
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ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE