european college of sport science

Friday, June 26th, 2009
broader social community, that enable the offender to abuse a victim with minimal resistance and/or repercussion (van Dam, 2001).
Relative to abuse prevention, an understanding of the various grooming factors is particularly important because these factors can bring
about the appearance of co-operation from the victim, making acts of abuse seem to be consensual (Fasting & Brackenridge, 2005). Todate,
different types of grooming have been examined relative to the coercion of individuals to sexual abuse or sexual molestation (Leberg,
1997). Exploration of the grooming of other maltreatments remains to be examined. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to
determine what factors contribute to the grooming of athletes to emotional abuse. Data for the present study were gleaned from a series
of previous interviews on athletes’ experiences of emotional abuse. Interview transcriptions were included in the present study if the
athlete had reported experiences of emotional abuse in the coach-athlete relationship, expressed some degree of present or past acquiescence
to his/her emotionally abusive experiences, and was able to articulate various sources of influence perceived to affect
his/her acquiescence. As such, data used in the present study included the interviews of 30 elite athletes (male, n= 8; female, n=22)
between the ages from 18-25 years. All athletes competed at the national/international level, and a variety of sports were represented.
Collective analysis of the data was conducted using open, axial, and selective coding techniques. Interview data were interpreted to
suggest that athletes are embedded in and affected by a social context that is comprised of a range of micro to macro spheres of influence.
Athletes reflected on influences that were perceived to affect the normalization of their emotionally abusive experiences, including
intra-relational, inter-relational, community, organisational, and cultural grooming factors. Based on the study findings an ecological
grooming model is proposed. Comparisons are made with the sexual abuse literature, and recommendations are posed for prevention
and future research.
Brackenridge, C. & Fasting, K. (2005). The grooming process in sport: Narratives of sexual harassment and abuse. Auto/Biography, 13,
33-52.
Leberg, E. (1997). Understanding Child Molesters: Taking Charge. CA: Sage Publications.
Stirling, A. & Kerr, G. (2007). Elite female swimmers’ experiences of emotional abuse across time. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7, 4, 89-113.
van Dam, C. (2001). Identifying Child Molesters: Preventing Child Sexual Abuse by Recognizing the Patterns of the Offender. NY: The Hawthorn
Press.
THE CONSTRUCTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF OFFENSIVE PLAYS IN BASKETBALL BY USING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVA-
TION
FERNÁNDEZ, J., CAMERINO, O., ANGUERA, M.T., GIBERT, A., JONSSON, G.K.
INEFC, LLLEIDA.
Introduction: In the field of sports research there is a growing need for the rigorous collection of data that provide empirical evidence
about the complex reality they refer to. Key aspects in this regard include the presence of regularities that are not detectable through
visual inference or traditional methods of data analysis, the lack of standard observation instruments and the priority need to develop
powerful, computerized coding systems, all of which must form part of an approach that is suitable for natural and habitual contexts
(Morris & Burwitz, 1989).
Method: The observational methodology used had the rigor and flexibility needed to study the episodes and different configurations of
play just as they occurred. Ten ACB basketball games (First Spanish Division) were recorded and the instrument used was the Match
Vision Studio software (Perea, Alday & Castellano, 2004), which has enabled us to set up code and category of the situation space of the
players in the two previous moves to the basket. The approach here concerns the way in which temporal patterns are able to reveal
those aspects of social interaction that are not immediately observable, and considers that every interactive flow is governed by behavioural
structures of varying stability that can be visualized by detecting hidden temporal patterns such as T-patterns. These temporal
patterns can be detected by means of the powerful algorithm of the THEME software, developed by Magnusson (1996).
Results: A total of 3478 T-patterns were detected in the subset of games won. Given the temporal patterns detected and the results
obtained in the lag sequential analysis we then turned our attention to those co-occurrences in which there was a disparity according to
game performance.
Discussion: The results show that it is possible to identify stable spatial structures that provide information about areas and positions of
players more effective in launching basket and an imbalance that provide more effective for completion and the type of termination of
attack that can be applied for the improvement of sports training and initiation. The selection of the data has been grouped into different
criteria.
Key words: T- Patterns, microanalysis, team sports, observation device, systematic observation.
References
Magnusson, M.S. (1996). Hidden real-time patterns in intra- and inter-individual behavior. European Journal of Psychological Assessment,
12 (2), 112-123.
Morris, A ; Burwitz,L (1989), Anticipation and movement strategies in elite soccer goalkeepers at penalty kicks (Anticipation et strategies de
mouvement chez des gardiens de but de football d’ elite lors des penalties). L, Journal of Sports Sciences 1989: Vol. e Issue 1. p. 79-80
Perea, A., Alday, L., & Castellano, J. (2004). Software para la observación deportiva Match Vision Studio. III Congreso Vasco del Deporte.
Socialización y Deporte / Kirolaren III Euskal Biltzarra. Sozializazioa era Virola. Vitoria.
COMPETENCIES OF FLEMISH JUDOCOACHES A AND B
CAPLIN, A., DOM, E., ZINZEN, E.
VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL (VUB)
Introduction: The European parliament has been approving the European Qualification Structure (EQS). This structure consists of competencies
of all jobs, classified in numbered levels (OECD, 2005). A job, described in a qualification profile, will give visible expectations and
can be objectively evaluated. This study aims to determine the competencies of the judocoach and create a framework in which he/she
works.
Method: The Delphi method was used to personally interview Flemish qualified judo experts (in different rounds) to ensure that all coaching
views/opinions were recorded and that finally a consensus could be reached (Linstone and Turoff, 2002).
In the first round the core tasks were determined with their associated “knowledge”, “skills” and “attitudes”. In the second round, all listed
items were located by the experts in a particular (Flemish) trainer level. From their, in the final round, the competencies (combination of
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