european college of sport science

PP-SA02 Sport Statistics and Analyses 2
SOMATOTYPING OF BODY MEASUREMENTS OF 13–15-YEAR-OLD ESTONIAN ADOLESCENT MALE VOLLEYBALLERS FOR
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THEIR PERFORMANCE IN THE GAME
STAMM, M., STAMM, R.
TALLINN UNIVERSITY
Introduction: The subjects of the study were 198 male volleyballers, aged 13–15 years, whose teams participated in Estonian championships
between the eight best teams in 2005, 2006 and 2008.
Methods: Thirteen body measurements were taken: height, weight, suprasternal height, xiphoidal height; chest, waist, hip, wrist, upper
thigh and lower leg circumferences, arm circumference flexed and tensed and wrist breadth.
As a classification representing the body as a whole, we applied a classification that was based on the mean height and weight of boys
of different ages and the respective standard deviations. At first, a bivariate 3×3=9 SD classification of height and weight was created;
later the number of classes was reduced to five SD classes.
During all the matches, the boys’ individual performance was recorded by the computer program Game (Stamm et al., 2000). The assessment
of players´ proficiency proceeded as follows: during the match, the expert registered each case when a technical element
(serve, reception, block, feint, attack or dig) was performed by a player.
Results: The principle for forming the classes was to differentiate between the boys according to concordance or disconcordance between
height and weight. The following classes were created: (1) small – small weight and small height; (2) medium – medium weight
and medium height; (3) big – big weight and big height; (4) pycnomorphs – big weight, small height; (5) leptomorphs – small weight, big
height. Boys were placed into classes according to their individual heights and weights. All the other body measurements showed essential
systematic differences between the classes. This classification has been acknowledged in C. Raschka’s monograph Sportanthropologie
(2006) as an innovative Estonian system in sports and constitutional typology (Raschka 2006). The boys´ proficiency in the game was
assessed in the same body build classes. For each class the mean index of proficiency was calculated for serve, reception, attack and
block performances.
Discussion: There are significant differences in proficiency between body-build classes. Big and leptosomic boys were found to be the
most successful. The least successful were the boys of the small class. The boys in class 3 (big) were the most successful in block and
attack. Leptosomic boys were the most successful in serve.
References
Raschka C. (2006). Sportanthropologie. Köln: Sportverlag Strauss, 219–220.
Stamm R., Stamm M., Oja A. (2000). A system of recording volleyball games and their analysis. Int. J. Volleyball Res. 2 (1): 18–22.
MEASUREMENT ERROR ASSOCIATED WITH PERFORMANCE TESTING IN WELL-TRAINED CYCLISTS; APPLICATION TO
THE PRECISION OF MONITORING CHANGES IN TRAINING STATUS.
LAMBERTS, R., SWART, J., WOOLRICH, R.W., NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT, M.I.
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN
Background: Small changes in performance, as low as 1%, are regarded as meaningful in well-trained cyclists (1,2). Being able to detect
these relatively small changes is necessary to accurately prescribe training and optimize performance. The typical error of measurement
(TEM) in common performance cycle tests is about 2-3% (3). It is not known whether this TEM is lower in well-trained cyclists and therefore
whether small changes in performance parameters are detectable.
Methods: After familiarisation, 17 well-trained cyclists were recruited for the study. They were required to complete three Peak Power
Output (PPO) tests (including VO2max) and three 40km time trials (40km TT). All tests were performed after a standardized warm-up at the
same relative intensity (LSCT) and under a strict testing-protocol.
Results: Fifteen cyclists successfully competed the study and the data of 2 cyclists had to be excluded because of violated the protocol by
using a potential performance enhancing drugs (4) and not completing the study. The TEM within the PPO-test was 2.2% for VO2max and
0.9% for PPO, while TEM for the 40km TT was 0.9%.
Conclusion: This study shows that the measurement of PPO and 40km TT time, after a standardized warm-up (LSCT), has sufficient precision
in well-trained cyclists to detect small meaningful changes. In contrast the TEM associated with VO2max was too high to be of practical
value for tracking performance, and should therefore be interpreted with caution when monitoring cyclists. The findings of this study
contribute to a more accurate determination of what should be regarded as a meaningful change in already well-trained cyclists. This
will allow a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of training programs, and possibly narrows the discrepancy between what
trainers, coaches and elite cyclists belief to be effective and what scientists can proof to support this conviction.
References
1.Paton CD, Hopkins WG. Ergometer error and biologicalvariation in power output in a performance test with three cycle ergometers. Int.J
Sports Med. 2006;27, 444-447.
2.Currell K, Jeukendrup AE. Validity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performance. Sports Med. 2008;38, 297-316.
3.Paton CD, Hopkins WG. Tests of cycling performance. Sports Med.
2001;31, 489-496.
4.Swart J, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI, et al. Exercising with reserve: Evidence that the CNS regulates prolonged exercise performance. Br.J
Sports Med 2008, (Ahead of publication)
VIDEO BASED AUTOMATED DETERMINATION OF SPRINTS AND JUMPS IN BEACH VOLLEYBALL
SCHRAPF, N., TILP, M.
INSTITUTE OF SPORTS SCIENCE
Introduction: Detailed analyses of game situations are necessary for the planning and controlling of training and the development of
successful game tactics. The aim of the present study is to minimize manual effort in the analysis of sprint and jumping movements.
Automated action recognition is exemplarily applied in beach volleyball. Modern video analysis methods are used to generate position
data from which sprints and jumps can be detected automatically.
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ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE