european college of sport science

OP-SM03 Sports Medicine 3
EXERCISE IMPROVES THE MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE CAPACITY IN ADIPOSE NON-DIABETIC AND
DIABETIC MEN
GEISLER, S., SCHMIDT, U., KREUTZ, T., LENZEN, E., SCHIFFER, T., GRAF, C., BRIXIUS, K., BLOCH, W.
GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY COLOGNE
Diabetes has been shown to be accompanied by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and a depression of the antioxidant
defense capacity. The present study investigated whether a three months exercise intervention is able to improve the oxidative
stress situation in non-insulin dependent adipose male diabetics (age: 40-60 yrs, n=13). Half of the patients were taking place in an
endurance and the other half in a strength endurance training. Non-diabetic adipose men, who participated in a 3 mo strength training,
were investigated for comparison (age 40-60 yrs, n=7). Before and after the 3 mo-exercise, biopsies were taken from the M. vastus
lateralis. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed for gluthathion peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and superoxide disutase 2 (SOD2), two
mitochondrial antioxidative enzymes, as well as for HSP70, an oxidative stress/hypoxia signalling molecule.
Under basal situations (i.e.before the training), GPX1 was slightly decreased in the M. lateralis of diabetic compared to the non-diabetic
men (7.01.8 arbitrary Units (ArU) vs. 9.33.9 ArU, p=0.096). The regular participation in exercise resulted in a significant
increase in the GPX1 protein expression in the diabetic men (+16%). GPX1 protein content was not changed by exercise in the nondiabetic
group. SOD2 and HSP70 were similar in the non-diabetic and diabetic group before the exercise program. Exercise significantly
increased SOD2 in both non-diabetic and diabetic participants (+18%). The exercise-induced HSP70 protein content was only significantly
increased in the diabetic persons (+16%).
Conclusions: Diabetes depresses the mitochondrial antioxidative defense regulation/signaling of H2O2 at very early stages of the disease.
This situation can be improved by regular physical activity. The regulation of the protein expression of the SOD2 seems to be differentialy
regulated from that of GPX1 under both physiological (exercise) and pathophysiological (diabetes) situations.
CASE REPORT: SEVERE IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA AND REDUCTION OF VO2MAX IN AN ELITE ROWER
TREFF, G., SCHMIDT, W., STEINACKER, J.M.
UNIVERSITY OF ULM, UNIVERITY OF BAYREUTH
Introduction: An elite rower experienced a dramatic decrease of physiological performance in an incremental rowing exercise test and
VO2max was decreased. Subsequently, iron deficiency anaemia was detected. As the rower was regularly evaluated physiologically,
time course of iron status, erythropoesis and physical performance can be reported.
Material and Methods: Measurements included 4 pre-anaemia values that were averaged (PRE). 2nd measurement was 6 months later
during peak of anaemia (ANM). 3rd measurement (POST) took place 10 months later, 8 months after normalization of [Hb]. Blood Volume
(BV), Red Cell Volume (RCV), total Haemoglobin mass (tHb) were determined using the optimised CO-rebreathing method, VO2max was
measured breath-by-breath. Ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTr) were measured in serum.
Results: The anaemia caused a dramatic decrease of tHb from 1267 g (PRE) to 917 g (ANM) (-27.6 %), RCV (-20.9 %), [Hb] (-30.8%).
VO2max decreased from 5.8 to 4,8 l/min (-17.5 %). This was accompanied by an increase of PV from 4359 ml (PRE) to 5254 ml (20.5 %)
resulting in a normovolemic BV-situation. At POST, haematological values increased compared to PRE: tHb 1377 g (8 %), BV (6.2 %), EV (2
%) and PV 4820 ml (9.6%). VO2max was 6.0 l/min. Ferritin values were (PRE – ANM - POST): 38 - 24 - 41 mg/l. sTr were 1.7 - 3.5 - 1.6 µg/l.
Discussion: The diagnosis revealed a hp-negative gastritis, possibly induced by intake of non-steroidal antiphlogistics due to back pain.
Subsequently, gastritis was treated with a protone pump inhibitor and iron was substituted intravenously after ANM. The PRE values
showed a critical iron status. When gastritis induced
blood loss and iron resorption disturbance occurred, erythropoiesis failed. Despite the decrease in VO2max and performance, ferritin
levels barely decreased below clinical relevant values. Only sTR and direct tHb-measurement definitely indicated iron deficiency anaemia.
The increase of PV at ANM did not compensate the loss of oxygen transport capacity. After successful treatment, tHb and BV were
8%, and VO2max was 3 % higher compared to PRE. The VO2max-levels at PRE and POST support the finding, that a change of 1g tHb in
healthy conditions is associated with a change in VO2max of 4.4 ml. The borderline sTr in POST may indicate again increased iron demand.
Conclusion: Ferritin-levels are of limited value for diagnosing iron deficiency in highly trained athletes, since ferritin behaves also as an
acute phase protein and may be elevated by training related acute phase reactions. [Hb] may be falsely negative influenced by hemoconcentration.
The anaemia was definitely detected by sTr level and tHb-measurements. After successful treatment of anaemia, tHb
increased to the highest level observed in this athlete.
RELATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTENSITY AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION – PRELIMINARY RESULTS
VAßE, V., BRANDES, M.
INSTITUTION OF SPORT SCIENCE
To counteract the decrease of physical activity in most western civilizations, common recommendations intend to increase daily life activities
of the subjects in order to enhance energy expenditure. Mostly, cycling, varying walking speed and stair climbing are addressed (e.
g. Crouter et al. 2003; Harrell et al. 2005). The amount of physical activity and energy expenditure is measured by pedometers, accelerometers
or oxygen consumption analyzer (Crouter et al. 2003; Fudge et al. 2007), but little is known about the relation of energy expenditure
and the intensities of the activities. Therefore, the aim of the present study is the computation of equations to convert steps into energy
consumption taking age, sex and frequency of steps into account.
Thus, 300 subjects divided into six age groups (children to seniors) are to be measured. A local ethics committee approved of the study.
This abstract includes preliminary data for the age groups >60 (53.0 ± 5.9 years, 167.3 ± 5.3 cm, 66.7 ± 9.0 kg) and 40-60 years (66.4 ±
4.1 years, 170.2 ± 8.2 cm, 66.8 ± 11.2 kg). All subjects were healthy and gave written informed consent. Equipped with a step-activitymonitor
at the right ankle, storing gait cycles in 1-min intervals [cycles/min], and a mobile oxygen consumption analyzer calculating
energy consumption [MET] breath-by-breath, the subjects completed a parcour consisting of resting and walking at varying speed. Mean
values of the last three or one and a half minute of each activity were computed, whereas resting oxygen consumption was subtracted
from the activity values.
No significant differences were found between age groups. Thus, square regression analysis revealed Y=-0.662x2+9.359x+34.767,
R2=.54 (p