european college of sport science

PP-HF06 Health and Fitness 6
concerns about motivation to adopt a new lifestyle with physical activity and other health promoting elements to reduce impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT) and, consequently, the risk of having Type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Eighteen subjects in central Norway participated in a semi structured interview study, defined as participants with IGT according
to guidelines by WHO (1999). The sample consisted of 4 men and 14 women divided into two groups with 9 individuals in each. Both
Group 1 and Group 2 included two men and seven women. Group 1 was enrolled in a physical exercise program from start of the project,
whereas Group 2 was put on hold until Group 1 had completed their instructed training program. The participants were between 33 and
69 years old. This interview study is part of a larger research project.
Results: The participants attributed great significance to their physical health and were strongly motivated to prevent disease development.
This focus changed their priorities regarding daily living in certain ways, and related issues were frequently addressed in the semistructured
interviews. Manifest analysis of the content across all interviews justified the identification of four important categories of content:
Structure and rhythm, Sickness, Activity and Social relations.
Discussion: The participants in the project increased their awareness of the importance of structure in everyday life, including rhythm of
meals and regular exercise to avoid developing Type 2 diabetes. These findings are in line with those of a review study by Yates et al.,
(2007), which indicates the contribution of physical activity may be of importance, but independent of dietary changes and weight loss, in
the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in people with symptoms of pre-diabetes is equivocal.
References
Ackermann, R. T., Finch, E. A., Brizendine, E., Zhou, H., & Marrero, D. G. (2008). Am J.
of Preventive Medicine, 35(4):357-63.
Califf, R. M., Boolell, M.,Haffner, S. M., Bethel, M. A., McMurray, J., Duggal, A., Holman,
R. R.; NAVIGATOR Study Group. (2008). Am Heart J. 156(4):623-32.
Krook, A., Holm, I., Petterson, S., Wallberg- Henriksson, H. (2003). Clinical Physiology &
Functional Impairment, 23, 21 – 30.
Schneider, S. H., & Elouzi, E. B. (2000). New Brunswick: UMDNJ- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
WHO; Consultation Group. (1999). Definition Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes
mellitus. Geneva: World Health organization; WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2
Yates, T., Khunti, K., Bull, F., Gorely, T., & Davies, M.J. (2007). Diabetologia, 50,
1116-112.
UNSTABLE VS. CONVENTIONAL JOGGING SHOE CONSTRUCTION: DIFFERENCES IN PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMAND AT
LOW-INTENSE RUNNING?
RING-DIMITRIOU, S., STÖGGL, T., HEHENBERGER, E., MÜLLER, E.
UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG
Introduction: It has been demonstrated that the construction of footwear mimicking a barefoot condition can affect knee pain and joint
loading (Nigg et al., 2006; Shakoor et al., 2008). Furthermore differences in energy requirement depending on the type of soles were
reported in intensive running (Nigg et al., 2003) and prolonged walking (Saito et al., 2007). However, the impact of an unstable shoe
construction on the physiological demand was not measured yet and was the subject of that investigation.
Methods: Twenty eight adults aged 24.1±2.8 yrs (67±8.1 kg, 22±1.7 kg/m) participated in 3 tests. An incremental step-test until exhaustion
was conducted on a motorized treadmill (1% inclination, 5 min steps, 30 s rest, 0.5 m/s increment, Saturn 4.0, hp/cosmos, GE) to determine
running velocity at 2 mmol/l blood lactate concentration (v-2LA; arterialized earlobe blood; lactate analyzer Biosen 5040, EKF Diagnostics,
GE). After 2 wks four 30 min lasting sub-maximal tests at v-2LA with the conventional jogging shoe of the individual (CS) or the
unstable Masai Boot Technology® shoe (US) were completed in the sequence CS-US on first day and US-CS on second day separated by
48 hrs from each other (1h rest in between daily bouts). Each 30min-test was split in 10min bouts with a 30s rest period in between to
sample arterialized blood for determination of LA. During the whole test oxygen uptake (VO2) and energy expenditure (kcal) were measured
with a respiratory gas exchange analyzer (K4b², Cosmed, IT). Heart rate (HR) was monitored via beat-to-beat transmitter (Polar, FI).
Before completing the submaximal tests subjects got a standardized instruction into running with the US over 2 wks. The mean values of
the two measures in each situation were used as criterion variables. The hypothesis was tested with a paired sample t-test at p-level of