european college of sport science

ANALYSIS OF RISKY BEHAVIOURS AMONG YOUNG BRAZILIAN ATHLETES
RUBIO, K., NUNES, A.V.
UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO
PP-HP01 History/Philosophy and Ethics
The substances use and other ergogenics use by young and experienced athletes are common. Searching for an outstanding performance,
the greed most of the times comes without essential ethical cares. This project has as objective the investigation of what’s the
athletes knowledge level when they are in the basis categories (12-14 years old), considering the ergogenics sources that are considered
doping, or not. What is the motivation for them to the sportive practice and which are the factors or who are the people that influence
their decision. Besides, it is intend to identify how act, in relation to this matter, the others agents so as: the coaches, the physical trainers,
the medical team, the sportive psychologists and the team managers. The methodology insight the preparation of three investigation
procedures: the behavior observation, made through athletes’ films got during and as soon as the competition is finished; behavior
analysis of athletes’ and coaches’, made through some application forms and trough a personality given test. The questionnaires (forms)
will be given to all of the participant population on the Brazilian School Olympic Games in 2009, 2010 and 2011, including athletes,
coaches and delegation managers. The personality test will be given as the sample calculus points out.The observations will be made in
winners of the event, representatives of the five sport groups: strength and speed, resistance, collective games, combat sports and
technique sports.The evaluations will be made during the Brazilian School Olympic Games (OEB) on the three years of 2009, 2010 and
2011 on the athletes’ class (12-14), in all of the modalities.These athletes represent all Brazilian regions. The Brazilian Sport Ministry joined
to the Brazilian Olympic Committee is promoting this event.This generation athletes should represent the country on future international
events, and it’s highly risky in the matter of the substances or methods potentially harmful to their health, which may be considered
doping. At this age, the athletes begin to subdue to high train levels and they aren’t controlled about the risk of prohibited substances or
not. At this social group, it seems to be important the prevention to the use of social drugs and the use of drugs that increase performance.
Coaches and multidisciplinary teams probably lead an important roll on the decision of these athletes and they may contribute to
the correct ethical make up, or not. It is intend to analyse the kind of repercussion that the research can bring to these athletes and their
own origin places, because this project treat of young athletes originated from the most different country localities and they, most of the
times, return to the event on the next year. This investigation must create a national program of conscientiousness related to the use of
social drugs and that increase performance. The study has the Sport Ministry and the Brazilian Doping Combat Agency guarantee to be
realized.
ATTITUDES AND VALUES OF TALENTED YOUNG ATHLETES TOWARDS PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS: A QUALI-
TATIVE STUDY
MCNAMEE, M., BLOODWORTH, A.
SWANSEA UNIVERSITY
USA-based review articles suggest a small but significant proportion (between 3 and 12 per cent) of adolescent males have used anabolic-androgenic
steroids (AAS) at some point (Calfee and Fadale, 2006; Yesalis and Bahrke 2000). There are suggestions, however, that
the terminology used in some questionnaires has lead to over estimates of prevalence (Kanayama et al., 2007). The general problem of
doping in adolescents and young people has rarely been addressed in depth using qualitative methods. In this study a total of 40 talented
young male and female athletes (mean average age 19.6 years) from 13 different sports attended 12 focus groups held over the UK
in both 2008 and 2009.
Athlete knowledge of doping techniques was generally limited, as was their access to populations among whom doping or pharmaceutical
body enhancement was practiced recreationally. Elite athletes often trained only with each other at elite facilities, and were in the
main insulated from the wider trend toward body enhancement for aesthetic reasons noted within the health and fitness community
more generally (Baker, Graham and Davies, 2006). Athletes in general did not report a significant national doping problem in their sport,
but were sceptical regarding both doping practices and the stringency of testing procedures outside the UK. The traditional moral emotions
of shame and guilt associated with doping were cited as significant deterrents (for a discussion of shame in relation to doping see
McNamee, 2008). Athletes in general perceived no pressures to use performance enhancing drugs. In hypothetical discussion various
factors were acknowledged as potential ‘pressure’ or ‘tipping’ points: most notably the economic pressures of elite sport. Finally, a significant
minority of athletes entertained the possibility of taking a hypothetical, banned but undetectable performance enhancing drug that
would guarantee success. When a caveat was added to the hypothetical question that this drug would reduce life span by ten years it
resulted in an almost total rejection of the possibility of doping. The study thus offers an insight into the values and attitudes of young
athletes, extending beyond mainly survey based research concerning doping prevalence.
References
Baker, J.S., Graham, M.R., and Davies, B. (2006) ‘Steroid Prescription and medicine abuse in the health and fitness community: A regional
study’, European Journal of Internal Medicine, 17: 479-84.
Calfee, R. and Fadale, P. (2006) ‘Popular Ergogenic Drugs and Supplements in Young Athletes’ Pediatrics, 117(3): e577-e589.
Kanayama, G., Boynes, M., Hudson, J.I., Field, A.E., Pope Jr, H.G. (2007) ‘Anabolic steroid abuse among teenage girls: An illusory problem?’,
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88: 156-62.
McNamee, M.J. (2008) Sports Virtues and Vices: Morality Plays, London and New York: Routledge.
Yesalis, C.E. and Bahrke, M.S. (2000) ‘Doping among adolescent athletes’, Baillière’s Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(1):
25-35.
SPORT AND CHRISTIANITY: SIMILES AND RECIPROCAL INFLUENCES OF TWO PILLARS OF WESTERN CULTURE
SCARPA, S.
UNIVERSITY OF PADUA
Sport and Christianity are two phenomena which have remote origins: the first was born in Ancient Greece, the second has established
itself within the Jewish culture as a point of rupture and progress compared to the previous tradition. Both have influenced each other
reciprocally in many occasions through the contact between the original cultures. Both of them have evolved in time until they reached
today a mass distribution on the entire planet, characterizing themselves as two of the pillars of western culture.
We can find an initial example of the reciprocal influences between Hellenic culture and Jewish-Christian culture in the ascesis, a practice
shared but not invented by the Christians. Ascesis is a word coming from the world of Greek sport. The sportsman trains in order to
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ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN COLLEGE OF SPORT SCIENCE