Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
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242s Gastrointestinal (Noncolorectal) Cancer<br />
4012 Poster Discussion Session (Board #4), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM and<br />
4:45 PM-5:45 PM<br />
Impact <strong>of</strong> insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and amphiregulin<br />
(AREG) expressions on survival in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer<br />
enrolled in the ACTS-GC study. Presenting Author: Wataru Ichikawa,<br />
National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan<br />
Background: Exploratory biomarker analysis was conducted to identify<br />
factors related to outcomes <strong>of</strong> patients enrolled in the ACTS-GC study, a<br />
randomized controlled trial comparing adjuvant S-1 administration with<br />
surgery alone in 1,059 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. Methods:<br />
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were retrospectively<br />
examined in 829 patients (78.3%), and 63 genes involved in pyrimidine<br />
metabolic pathway, growth factor signaling pathway, apoptosis, DNA<br />
repair, etc., were analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR after TaqMan<br />
assay-based pre-amplification. Gene expression levels were normalized to<br />
the geometric mean expressions <strong>of</strong> GAPDH, ACTB, and RPLP0, used as<br />
reference genes. The expression <strong>of</strong> each gene was categorized into low and<br />
high values at those median. The impacts <strong>of</strong> gene expression on survival<br />
were analyzed using the 5-year survival data <strong>of</strong> the ACTS-GC. The<br />
Benjamini and Hochberg procedure was used to control the false discovery<br />
rate (FDR). Results: Among 63 screened genes, IGF1R and AREG most<br />
strongly correlated with overall survival (OS), with FDR <strong>of</strong> 0.0048 and<br />
0.018, respectively. OS was significantly worse in IGF1R high patients<br />
than in IGF1R low patients, but better in AREG high patients than in AREG<br />
low patients. The hazard ratio (HR) for death in the analysis <strong>of</strong> OS (S-1 vs.<br />
surgery alone) was lower in the high IGF1R group (HR, 0.55; 95%CI,<br />
0.40-0.76) than in the low IGF1R group (HR, 0.72; 95%CI, 0.49-1.06).<br />
Likewise, the HR for death in the analysis <strong>of</strong> OS (S-1 vs. surgery alone) was<br />
much smaller in the low AREG group (HR, 0.57; 95%CI, 0.41-0.79) than<br />
in the high AREG group (HR, 0.74; 95%CI, 0.51-1.08). Interactions were<br />
not statistically significant. Conclusions: IGFR1 gene expression was<br />
associated with poor outcomes after curative resection <strong>of</strong> stage II/III gastric<br />
cancer, whereas AREG gene expression was associated with good outcomes.<br />
No interaction for survival was evident between S-1 and these gene<br />
expressions.<br />
4014 Poster Discussion Session (Board #6), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM and<br />
4:45 PM-5:45 PM<br />
Multivariate analysis including biomarkers in the phase III RADIANT-2<br />
study <strong>of</strong> octreotide LAR plus everolimus (E�O) or placebo (P�O) among<br />
patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Presenting Author:<br />
James C. Yao, University <strong>of</strong> Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,<br />
TX<br />
Background: In this large phase III trial, median progression-free survival<br />
(PFS) improved by 5.1 mo with E�O compared to P�O in patients (pts)<br />
with NET associated with carcinoid syndrome. Baseline imbalances including<br />
WHO performance status (PS) and primary site favoring P�O confounded<br />
primary analysis. Chromogranin A (CgA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic<br />
acid (5-HIAA) are important biomarkers in NET. Analyses were performed<br />
to identify prognostic factors and adjust for baseline imbalances. Methods:<br />
Pts were randomized to E�O (n�216) or P�O (n�213). Potential<br />
prognostic factors including baseline CgA (�2�ULN vs �2�ULN), baseline<br />
5-HIAA (�median vs �median at baseline), age (�65 vs �65),<br />
gender, race, WHO PS (0 vs 1, 2), primary site (lung vs other), prior<br />
somatostatin analog use (yes vs no), duration from diagnosis (�6 mo, 6-24<br />
mo, 2-5 yr, �5 yr), and organs involved (liver, bone) were assessed in<br />
univariate analysis using the log rank test and stepwise regression using<br />
Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Median PFS (mo) was significantly<br />
longer for pts with nonelevated CgA (27 vs 11; p�.001) and nonelevated<br />
5-HIAA (17 vs 11; p�.001). Analyses also indicated age (14 vs 12;<br />
p�.01), WHO PS (17 vs 11; p�.004), liver involvement (14 vs not<br />
reached; p�.02), bone metastases (8 vs 15; p�.001), and lung as primary<br />
site (11 vs 14; p�.06) as potentially prognostic. Multivariate analysis<br />
indicated that significant prognostic factors for PFS included baseline CgA<br />
(HR, 0.47; CI, 0.34-0.65; p�.001), WHO PS (HR, 0.69; CI, 0.52-0.90;<br />
p�.006), bone involvement (HR, 1.52; CI, 1.06-2.18; p�.02), and lung<br />
as primary site (HR, 1.55; CI, 1.01-2.36; p�.04). Adjusted for covariates,<br />
a 38% reduction in risk <strong>of</strong> progression was observed for E�O (HR, 0.62;<br />
95% CI, 0.51-0.87; p�.003). Conclusions: In the phase III RADIANT-2<br />
trial, baseline CgA levels, WHO PS, lung as primary site, and bone<br />
involvement were important prognostic factors. Exploratory analysis adjusted<br />
for these prognostic factors indicated significant benefit <strong>of</strong> everolimus<br />
therapy.<br />
4013 Poster Discussion Session (Board #5), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM and<br />
4:45 PM-5:45 PM<br />
Actionable targets in pancreatic cancer detected by immunohistochemistry<br />
(IHC), microarray (MA) fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and<br />
mutational analysis. Presenting Author: Daniel D. Von H<strong>of</strong>f, Virginia G.<br />
Piper Cancer Center at Scottsdale Healthcare/TGen, Scottsdale, AZ<br />
Background: A great need exists for new therapeutic approaches for patients<br />
with pancreatic cancer. Methods: The study cohort included 1029 patients<br />
analyzedfor a.) up to 29 different immunohistochemical biomarkers – (e.g.,<br />
COX-2, MGMT, PGP, RRM1, TOPOI, TOPOII, SPARC etc.)b.); in up to 450<br />
patients’ specimens a whole genome expression analysis was performed<br />
using HumanHT-12 v4 beadChips ( Illumina Inc.,San Diego, CA) c.) in up<br />
to 695 patients FISH for c-Myc, EGFR, HER2 and TOPO2A gene copy<br />
amplifications; and d.) in up to 783 patients sequencing for KRAS, EGFR,<br />
PI3CA and BRAF, was performed. Results: IHC identified actionable targets<br />
included; 74% high COX-2; 57% negative ERCC1; 8% negative MGMT;<br />
22% negative MRP1; 47% negative PGP; 77% low RRM1, 44% high<br />
SPARC; 30% high TOPO2A; 61% high TOPOI and 73% negative TS. Other<br />
biologically important findings by IHC for possible new therapeutics<br />
included 27% negative PTEN; and 20% high PDGFR. Microarray results<br />
presented multiple overexpressed targets for consideration including 36%<br />
<strong>of</strong> specimens with overexpressed adenosine deaminase; 28% asparagine<br />
synthase; 17% BCL2; 20% survivin; 23% carboxylesterase; 67% DNMT1;<br />
40% thymidine phosphatase; 49% EPHA2 (and others in the src family <strong>of</strong><br />
kinases); 57% FOLR2; 41% HDAC1; 62% HiF1�; 23% IL2RA (CD25);<br />
46% NFkB1; 48% OGFR; 32% RARA; 26% VEGFR; and 43% vitamin D<br />
receptor. FISH yielded 2% amplified EGFR and 10% amplified Her2neu.<br />
Sequencing noted 73% mutated KRAS and 3% mutated PIK3CA.<br />
Conclusions: Examining actionable targets in patients’ pancreatic cancers<br />
(a)reiterates the commonality and importance <strong>of</strong> KRAS mutations in this<br />
disease (needs renewed targeting effort) (b)suggests that TOPO2 inhibitors<br />
(particularly if transport into tumor can be improved) should be examined<br />
in this disease (c)suggests other pathways to target including DNA repair,<br />
epigenetic, Src and inflammation (d) suggests protein turnover, amino acid<br />
targets and folate receptor2 as fresh areas to explore against the disease.<br />
Supported in part by a Stand Up To Cancer Dream Team Award.<br />
4015 Poster Discussion Session (Board #7), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM and<br />
4:45 PM-5:45 PM<br />
Predictive and prognostic factors for treatment and survival in 305 patients<br />
with advanced gastrointestinal poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma:<br />
The NORDIC NEC study. Presenting Author: Halfdan Sorbye,<br />
Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway<br />
Background: Gastrointestinal poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma<br />
(GI-NEC) are aggressive tumors with Ki-67�20% and usually<br />
metastatic at diagnosis. Knowledge about GI-NEC is limited. We retrospectively<br />
reviewed clinical data to identify predictive and prognostic markers<br />
for advanced GI-NEC patients. Methods: Epidemiological, biochemical,<br />
histopathological, treatment and survival data were registered for advanced<br />
GI-NEC patients diagnosed during 2000-2009 at 12 Nordic university<br />
hospitals. Results: 305 patients were included. Palliative chemotherapy<br />
was given to 252 patients, median survival was 11 months. Response rate<br />
to 1st-line chemotherapy was 31%, 33% had stable disease. Ki-67�55%<br />
was by ROC analyses the best cut-<strong>of</strong>f value concerning correlation to<br />
response rate. Response rate to platinum-based chemotherapy was lower in<br />
patients with Ki-67�55% (14% vs.44%, p�0.001). Response rate for 84<br />
patients given 2nd-line chemotherapy was 18%, whereas 33% achieved<br />
SD. The most important negative prognostic factors for survival were poor<br />
performance status, primary colorectal tumors, and elevated baseline<br />
platelets or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Patients with Ki-67�55%<br />
had longer median survival (15 months) than patients with Ki-67�55%<br />
(10 months) (p�0.001). Survival and response rates did not differ between<br />
the different platinum chemotherapy schedules (cisplatin-based vs. carboplatin-based)<br />
or morphology subtypes. 53 patients received best supportive<br />
care only with a median survival <strong>of</strong> 1 month. Conclusions: This is, to our<br />
knowledge, the largest study reporting patient and tumor characteristics,<br />
treatment and survival in advanced GI-NEC. Performance status, location<br />
<strong>of</strong> primary tumor and blood levels <strong>of</strong> platelets and LDH were the strongest<br />
prognostic factors for survival. Patients with Ki-67�55% had significantly<br />
longer survival than patients with higher Ki-67, but were less responsive to<br />
platinum-based chemotherapy. Our data indicate that to consider all<br />
GI-NEC as one single disease entity may not be correct.<br />
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