Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
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10561 General Poster Session (Board #45B), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM<br />
Independent validation <strong>of</strong> prognostic value <strong>of</strong> 22 micrornas (miRs) in stage<br />
I-II squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC). Presenting Author: Marcin Tomasz<br />
Skrzypski, Medical University <strong>of</strong> Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland<br />
Background: About 50% <strong>of</strong> NSCLC patients (pts) will develop distant<br />
metastases following pulmonary resection. Currently, apart from clinical<br />
stage at diagnosis, there are no reliable factors to select high risk pts for<br />
adjuvant chemotherapy. We previously demonstrated prognostic value <strong>of</strong><br />
22 miRs in frozen tissue samples <strong>of</strong> early stage SqCLC, and the feasibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> their expression assessment in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE)<br />
samples (Skrzypski et. al. J Clin Oncol 2010;28;15s). In this study, we<br />
validated the prognostic value <strong>of</strong> these miRs in an independent cohort <strong>of</strong><br />
early SqCLC pts. Methods: FFPE tumor samples were obtained from 132<br />
stage I-II SqCLC pts who underwent radical pulmonary resection, 42% <strong>of</strong><br />
whom developed distant metastases. Median follow-up <strong>of</strong> pts who did not<br />
develop metastases was 5.6 years (range, 4.1-10.0 years). miRs were<br />
isolated from tumor tissue with RecoverAll kit (Ambion). Expression <strong>of</strong> 22<br />
miRs previously found to be related to the risk <strong>of</strong> metastases was analyzed<br />
by RT-PCR assay (Appliedbiosystems). Raw data were normalized vs. the<br />
expression <strong>of</strong> U6. Individual miRs and the risk score comprising 5 most<br />
predictive miRs were correlated with distant metastases-free survival<br />
(MFS). Results: Eight miRs were significantly relatedtoMFS. MiR-192 was<br />
significantly correlated with MFS (p�0,0007; p�0,02 after correction for<br />
multiple comparisons). The 5-miR risk score was an independent prognostic<br />
factor (p�1.70E-06) in a multivariate analysis comprising stage<br />
(p�1,10E-03) and histological grade (p�0,46). Using the median <strong>of</strong> the<br />
risk score as a cut-<strong>of</strong>f value, the median MFS was 1.73 years in the high risk<br />
group, and not reached in the low risk group (HR�2.11). The sensitivity<br />
and specificity <strong>of</strong> the risk score to predict the occurrence <strong>of</strong> distant<br />
metastases were 66% and 64%, respectively. Conclusions: Risk score<br />
based on expression <strong>of</strong> 5 miRs is a strong and independent predictor <strong>of</strong><br />
distant relapse in operable early SqCLC.<br />
10563 General Poster Session (Board #45D), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM<br />
Effect <strong>of</strong> the loss <strong>of</strong> the type III TGF� receptor during tumor progression on<br />
tumor microenvironment: Preclinical development <strong>of</strong> TGF� inhibition and<br />
TGF�-related biomarkers to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. Presenting<br />
Author: Brent Allen Hanks, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC<br />
Background: Overall, the clinical efficacy <strong>of</strong> tumor immunotherapy has been<br />
limited. Our incomplete understanding <strong>of</strong> the complex interplay between<br />
tumors and the immune microenvironment has contributed to these<br />
modest outcomes. Our work has revealed that several tumors downregulate<br />
the expression <strong>of</strong> the type III TGF� receptor (T�RIII) with progression.<br />
T�RIII is shed from the cell surface to generate soluble T�RIII (sT�RIII)<br />
which is capable <strong>of</strong> sequestering TGF�. Methods and Results: Using both<br />
breast cancer and melanoma tumor models we have demonstrated that the<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> T�RIII expression is associated with diminished tumor infiltrating<br />
CD8� T cells and increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor<br />
microenvironment. Our data implies that these alterations correlate with<br />
suppressed tumor antigen-specific T cell responses and more rapid disease<br />
progression. We show that these changes are due to enhanced TGF�<br />
signaling within the immune compartment <strong>of</strong> the tumor microenvironment<br />
resulting in enhanced expression <strong>of</strong> the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase<br />
immunoregulatory enzyme by local plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) as<br />
well as increased expression <strong>of</strong> the Treg-recruiting CCL22 chemokine by<br />
local myeloid DCs. Microarray analysis indicates that these same gene<br />
expression associations also exist in human breast cancers. Consistent with<br />
these studies, we have demonstrated that TGF-� inhibition synergistically<br />
enhances the efficacy <strong>of</strong> a Her2/neu vaccine in a breast cancer model and<br />
that plasma levels <strong>of</strong> sT�RIII correlate with clinical response and overall<br />
survival in stage III melanoma patients. Conclusions: We have elucidated a<br />
novel mechanism that tumors utilize to suppress the generation <strong>of</strong><br />
anti-tumor immunity by establishing a link between the loss <strong>of</strong> an<br />
endogenous suppressor <strong>of</strong> tumor metastasis, T�RIII, and the generation <strong>of</strong><br />
an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment. We are pursuing a phase I<br />
clinical trial to investigate the efficacy <strong>of</strong> combining a TGF-� inhibitor with<br />
a tumor vaccine while also determining if sT�RIII may function as a<br />
predictive biomarker for this approach.<br />
Tumor Biology<br />
671s<br />
10562 General Poster Session (Board #45C), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM<br />
Lymphopenia combined with low TCR diversity to predict overall survival in<br />
metastatic breast cancer patients. Presenting Author: Manuarii Manuel,<br />
Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052 CNRS<br />
5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France<br />
Background: Lymphopenia (�1 Giga/L) before initiation <strong>of</strong> chemotherapy is<br />
a predictive factor for toxicity and death in metastatic phase for cancer<br />
patients. Combinatorial diversity <strong>of</strong> T Cell Receptor beta chain (TCR-ß), as<br />
a measure <strong>of</strong> T cell repertoire diversity, was investigated and tested either<br />
alone or in combination with lymphopenia as a prognostic factor for overall<br />
survival (OS) in first line treatment <strong>of</strong> metastatic breast cancer (MBC)<br />
patients. Methods: Using semi quantitative multiplex PCR, the V-D-J<br />
combinatorial diversity <strong>of</strong> the TCR was measured on cryo-preserved blood<br />
samples from 2 cohorts <strong>of</strong> MBC patients before the initiation <strong>of</strong> the first line<br />
chemotherapy: in an experimental cohort (cohort A, n�66) and in a<br />
validation series (cohort B, n�67). A prognostic score, defined NDL<br />
(Number & Diversity <strong>of</strong> Lymphocytes) combining lymphocyte count and<br />
TCR diversity was delineated. Univariate and multivariate analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
prognostic factors for OS were performed in both cohorts. Results: Lymphopenia<br />
(�1 Giga/L) was associated with shorter OS for cohort B while TCR<br />
diversity �33% (called divpenia) was associated with a reduced OS in<br />
cohort A. The combination <strong>of</strong> lymphopenia with low TCR diversity (called<br />
lympho-divpenia) was associated with poor OS compared to patients with<br />
either lymphocyte count �1 Giga/L or diversity �33% or both, in cohort A<br />
(median OS: 7.6 vs 24.5 months, p.value �0.0006) and cohort B (median<br />
OS 10.6 vs 22.9 months, p.value �0.0035). In a multivariate analysis,<br />
including all significant clinical factors from the univariate analysis (PS,<br />
liver metastasis, hemoglobin) lympho-divpenia was found to be an independent<br />
prognostic factor in the pooled cohort (A�B) (p�0.005) along with<br />
triple negative tumors (p�0.011) and hemoglobin level (11.5 g/dL)<br />
(p�0.009). Conclusions: NDL score combining lymphopenia and reduced<br />
TCR diversity seems to be a strong prognostic factor for OS and could be<br />
use to improve care quality <strong>of</strong> MBC patients.<br />
10565 General Poster Session (Board #45F), Mon, 1:15 PM-5:15 PM<br />
Involvement <strong>of</strong> NK cell molecular signatures in favorable prognosis <strong>of</strong><br />
breast cancer patients. Presenting Author: Maria Libera Ascierto, National<br />
Institutes <strong>of</strong> Health, Bethesda, MD<br />
Background: Tumor cell recognition by NK cells is mediated by the<br />
interaction <strong>of</strong> activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors with their ligands<br />
expressed on tumor cells. In addition, NK cells express adhesion molecules<br />
that facilitate formation <strong>of</strong> the immunological synapse with the tumor<br />
targets. Here, we investigated whether the coordinate expression <strong>of</strong> NK<br />
activating receptors and adhesion molecules could provide a signature to<br />
segregate breast cancer patients into relapse and relapse-free outcomes.<br />
Methods: Gene expression pr<strong>of</strong>iling, RT-PCR screening and survival analysis<br />
were performed on RNA extracted from primary breast cancers. Tumors<br />
were obtained from patients experiencing either 5-8 years relapse-free<br />
survival or tumor relapse within 1-3 years following initial treatment.<br />
Results: Tumors from patients with a favorable prognosis were characterized<br />
by increased expression <strong>of</strong> genes involved in NK cell interaction with<br />
tumor cells and its activation signaling. In particular, up-regulation <strong>of</strong><br />
Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors (NCRs), leukocyte function-associated antigen<br />
1 (LFA-1), CD226 (DNAM-1) and CD96 was observed in relapse-free<br />
patients. Thus, the expression <strong>of</strong> the NK activating receptors and relevant<br />
adhesion molecules involved in NK cell:target interactions can predict<br />
relapse free survival in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Results from<br />
the present study, highlighted the effector cooperation between the innate<br />
and adaptive immune components within the tumor microenvironment.<br />
The NK cells parameters identified in this study, together with the<br />
prognostic B and T cell signatures previously reported by us, represent a<br />
powerful tool for predicting breast cancer outcome which might be easily<br />
introduced in clinical practice.<br />
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