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Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...

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8544 General Poster Session (Board #32B), Sun, 8:00 AM-12:00 PM<br />

Elucidating distinct tumorigenic pathways in nodular versus superficial<br />

spreading melanoma. Presenting Author: Joshua Andrew Farhadian, New<br />

York University School <strong>of</strong> Medicine, New York, NY<br />

Background: Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and nodular melanoma<br />

(NM), which account for 70% and 20% <strong>of</strong> all melanoma diagnoses<br />

respectively, are believed to represent sequential phases <strong>of</strong> linear progression<br />

from radial to vertical growth. Recent evidence from several groups<br />

including ours challenges this linear progression model and suggests that<br />

SSM and NM are biologically distinct. In this study, we focused on<br />

identifying tumorigenic pathways that are differentially activated in melanoma<br />

subtypes and that can be therapeutically exploited. Methods: We<br />

performed Protein Pathway Array on SSM/radial growth phase (RGP) and<br />

NM/vertical growth phase (VGP) primary melanoma cell lines to determine<br />

expression levels <strong>of</strong> 141 tumorigenic proteins/phospho-proteins. Differential<br />

protein expression was determined using the Pavlidis Template<br />

Matching algorithm in TIGR Multi Experiment Viewer. Differentially expressed<br />

proteins were validated in an expanded panel <strong>of</strong> RGP, VGP, and<br />

metastatic melanoma cell lines using western blot. Constitutively active,<br />

overexpressed proteins in VGP melanoma were down-regulated in cell lines<br />

using several small molecule inhibitors and the effects on proliferation and<br />

migration were assessed. Results: 17 (12%) proteins/phospho-proteins are<br />

significantly overexpressed in VGP versus RGP melanoma (p�0.05).<br />

Western blot confirmed the results <strong>of</strong> 5 proteins/phospho-proteins. Each <strong>of</strong><br />

those 5 was equally overexpressed in VGP and metastatic melanoma cell<br />

lines. Phospho-p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) was prioritized for functional<br />

studies based on its role in both the MAPK and AKT signaling<br />

cascades, two tumorigenic pathways <strong>of</strong>ten dysregulated in melanoma.<br />

Constitutive phosphorylation <strong>of</strong> p90 RSK in VGP, but not RGP melanoma<br />

was observed in response to serum starvation. Small molecule inhibition <strong>of</strong><br />

phospho-p90 RSK attenuated proliferation and migration (p�0.05) in VGP<br />

melanoma. Conclusions: Data demonstrate discrete tumorigenic pathways<br />

are activated in nodular versus superficial spreading melanoma and<br />

suggest that phospho-p90 RSK might be a viable target against nodular<br />

melanoma.<br />

8546 General Poster Session (Board #32D), Sun, 8:00 AM-12:00 PM<br />

BEVATEM: Phase II single-center study <strong>of</strong> bevacizumab in combination<br />

with temozolomide in patients (pts) with first-line metastatic uveal melanoma<br />

(MUM): First-step results. Presenting Author: Sophie Piperno-<br />

Neumann, Institut Curie, Paris, France<br />

Background: Overall survival (OS) <strong>of</strong> MUM pts remains poor. In our<br />

retrospective series <strong>of</strong> 470 MUM pts, median OS was 13 months, ranging<br />

from 3 to 12 and 21 months for best supportive care, systemic treatment<br />

and surgery groups respectively, stressing the lack <strong>of</strong> effective therapies in<br />

this rare cancer. Targeting angiogenesis seems to be promising in uveal<br />

melanoma. Intravitreal application <strong>of</strong> antiangiogenic agents is used to treat<br />

neovascular ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration or<br />

proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Bevacizumab suppressed in vitro growth<br />

and in vivo hepatic establishment <strong>of</strong> micrometastases in experimental<br />

uveal melanoma. Preclinical data suggest a potential clinical benefit <strong>of</strong> the<br />

combination <strong>of</strong> dacarbazine and bevacizumab. Methods: Phase II study,<br />

modified 2-step Fleming plan; with expected 6-month progression-free<br />

survival (PFS) rates <strong>of</strong> 15% with chemotherapy and 40% with BEVATEM,<br />

35 pts are to be recruited for a power <strong>of</strong> 94% (� and � risk 3 and 6%). After<br />

the first 17 pts, the study will be continued and another 18 pts will be<br />

enrolled in the second step if �3 evaluable pts show stable disease or<br />

response. Primary endpoint: 6-month PFS according to RECIST. Secondary<br />

objectives: response and survival rates, safety; liver perfusion CT for<br />

functional imaging <strong>of</strong> response; impact <strong>of</strong> VEGF-A gene polymorphisms on<br />

bevacizumab pharmacodynamics. Treatment schedule: Temozolomide<br />

150mg/m2 d1-d7 and d15-d21 oral route, Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg d8 d22<br />

IV infusion, 6 cycles (d1�d28) then Bevacizumab maintenance until<br />

toxicity or progression. Results: From May 2010 to January 2011, 17 pts<br />

were enrolled according to the first step <strong>of</strong> the study: 3/17 achieved disease<br />

control at 6 months, second step is on going with 26/35 pts already<br />

recruited. One patient with minor response in liver and lung metastases is<br />

under Bevacizumab maintenance for 12 months. Safety <strong>of</strong> BEVATEM is as<br />

good as expected. Liver perfusion CT study showed decrease in blood flow<br />

and blood volume before lesion size decrease in one stable patient.<br />

Conclusions: BEVATEM study in first line MUM pts is on going, showing<br />

promising results in the first step <strong>of</strong> 17 pts.<br />

Melanoma/Skin Cancers<br />

551s<br />

8545 General Poster Session (Board #32C), Sun, 8:00 AM-12:00 PM<br />

Serum IL-6 as a prognostic biomarker in patients with stage IIB-III<br />

melanoma. Presenting Author: Lise Hoejberg, Department <strong>of</strong> Oncology,<br />

Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark<br />

Background: Interleukin (IL)-6 is an immunomodulatory cytokine produced<br />

by cancer cells and different immune cells. The specific function <strong>of</strong> IL-6 in<br />

cancer is unknown. Serum IL-6 is elevated in patients with different types<br />

<strong>of</strong> cancer. Elevated serum concentration <strong>of</strong> IL-6 is related to short survival<br />

in patients with stage IV melanoma. Methods: IL-6 was measured by ELISA<br />

(R&D) in pretreatment serum samples from 435 patients with stage IIB-III<br />

melanoma (151 women and 284 men, median age 51 years, range 18-77).<br />

After surgery patients were treated in a randomized study (The Nordic IFN<br />

trial) with either adjuvant interferon for 1 or 2 years, or observation. Results:<br />

Median serum concentration <strong>of</strong> IL-6 after surgery and before treatment was<br />

1.8 ng/l, range 0.23-24 ng/l. Patients with serum IL-6 above the median<br />

had shorter overall survival (OS) compared to patients with serum IL-6<br />

below the median (p�0.004). Median OS was 4.5 years in patients with<br />

serum IL-6 above the median (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.05-7.60).<br />

In patients with serum IL-6 below the median, median OS was not reached<br />

at the last survival-update. Multivariate Cox analysis including serum IL-6,<br />

ulceration in primary melanoma, LDH, white blood cells, lymph node<br />

metastases and Breslow thickness <strong>of</strong> primary melanoma showed that only<br />

serum IL-6 (hazard ratio (HR) � 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) :<br />

1.13-1.94, p�0.004) was an independent prognostic factor for OS. In<br />

subgroup analysis <strong>of</strong> the control group and the two treatment groups, serum<br />

IL-6 demonstrated a negative prognostic impact in the control group (HR �<br />

1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.57, p�0.04) and in the group treated with 2 years<br />

interferon HR � 1.69, 95% CI: 1.06-2.7, p�0.03). In the group treated<br />

with 1 year interferon this negative impact was not significant (HR � 1.15,<br />

95% CI: 0.71-1.85, p�0.58). An interaction between IL-6 and treatment<br />

arm was not significant (p�0.45), suggesting that the negative prognostic<br />

effect <strong>of</strong> elevated pretreatment serum IL-6 is independent <strong>of</strong> treatment.<br />

Conclusions: Serum IL-6 above the median is an independent prognostic<br />

biomarker <strong>of</strong> short OS in patients operated for stage IIB-III melanoma.<br />

8547 General Poster Session (Board #32E), Sun, 8:00 AM-12:00 PM<br />

Phase II study <strong>of</strong> the anti-ganglioside GD3 mouse/human chimeric antibody<br />

KW2871 combined with high dose interferon-a2b in patients with<br />

metastatic melanoma. Presenting Author: Stergios J. Moschos, University<br />

<strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA<br />

Background: Immunotherapy has demonstrated notable effects in metastatic<br />

melanoma (MM) with durable responses achieved by high-dose IL-2<br />

and IFN�2b, leading to approval <strong>of</strong> these therapies for treatment <strong>of</strong><br />

melanoma. However, complete responses occur in only a minority <strong>of</strong><br />

patients. KW2871 is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the<br />

GD3 ganglioside with demonstrated antitumor activity and enhancement <strong>of</strong><br />

antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complementdependent<br />

cytotoxicity (CDC). IFN�2b has potent immunoregulatory, antiproliferative,<br />

differentiation-inducing, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic<br />

properties against a variety <strong>of</strong> malignancies including melanoma. Combining<br />

high dose IFN�2b (HDI) � KW2871 was hypothesized to have<br />

synergistic anti-tumor activity due to (1) the ability <strong>of</strong> HDI to enhance<br />

KW2871 induced ADCC in vitro (Liu, Cancer Immun 2002); (2) improved<br />

mAb targeting due to increased GD3 expression and induced inflammatory<br />

cytokines (TNF-�, IL-4 and IFN-�) (Hoon, Cancer Res, 1991); (3) increased<br />

tumor-infiltrating immune cells (Kirkwood, Cancer 2002; Moschos,<br />

J Clin Oncol 2006). Methods: This is an open label, dose-escalation, phase<br />

II study <strong>of</strong> KW2871 plus HDI in patients with measurable MM. Primary<br />

objectives are progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Secondary objectives<br />

include assessment for tumor response by RECIST, ADCC, CDC,<br />

pharmacokinetics, human antichimeric antibodies (HACA), tumor-infiltrating<br />

immune cells, biomarkers and OS. Patients with measurable disease by<br />

RECIST, stable brain metastases, and performance status ECOG 0 or 1 are<br />

eligible. Patients with severe comorbidities or autoimmune disease or prior<br />

exposure to anti-GD3 antibodies are excluded. Sequential enrollment to<br />

cohorts <strong>of</strong> KW2871 at 5, 10 , 20 mg/m2 IV every 2 week in combination<br />

with HDI 20 MU/m2 IV once daily x 5 Days for 4 weeks, then 10 MU/m2 SC<br />

three times weekly until disease progression. Results: To date, Cohort 1 (5<br />

mg/m2 KW2871) and Cohort 2 (10 mg/m2 KW2871) have been completed<br />

safely. Cohort 3 (20 mg/m2 KW2871) has enrolled <strong>of</strong> 18 <strong>of</strong> 27 planned<br />

patients. Conclusions: Will be presented at study completion.<br />

Visit abstract.asco.org and search by abstract for the full list <strong>of</strong> abstract authors and their disclosure information.

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