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Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...

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606s Pediatric Oncology<br />

9500 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />

Efficacy <strong>of</strong> crizotinib in children with relapsed/refractory ALK-driven<br />

tumors including anaplastic large cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma: A<br />

Children’s Oncology Group phase I consortium study. Presenting Author:<br />

Yael P. Mosse, The Children’s Hospital <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA<br />

Background: Genetic aberrations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)<br />

gene are found in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), neuroblastoma<br />

(NB) and other tumors.Crizotinib,a small molecule inhibitor <strong>of</strong> ALK and<br />

c-Met, is active in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring an ALK<br />

translocation. We performed a phase 1 dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic<br />

(PK) trial <strong>of</strong> crizotinib in patients (pts) with refractory solid tumors<br />

and ALCL. Methods: Crizotinib was administered bid without interruption in<br />

28 day cycles using the rolling-six design. Six dose levels (100, 130, 165,<br />

215, 280, 365 mg/m2 /dose) have been evaluated (A1). Pts with confirmed<br />

ALK fusion proteins, mutations or amplification (A2) could enroll at one<br />

dose level lower than part A1 and those with NB could enroll on a separate<br />

stratum (A3). PK studies were performed on day 1 and at steady state (SS).<br />

ALK genomic status in tumor tissue was evaluated and qPCR was used to<br />

measure NPM-ALK fusion transcript in bone marrow and blood samples <strong>of</strong><br />

ALCL pts. Results: 70 pts were enrolled, 57 fully evaluable for toxicity,<br />

[median (range) age 9.9 yrs (1.1–21.3)]: 29 on A1, 18 on A2, and 10 on<br />

A3. In A1, 2/7 pts developed DLT (grade 3 dizziness, grade 5 intra-tumoral<br />

hemorrhage) at 215 mg/m2 and 1/6 pts developed DLT (grade 4 liver<br />

enzyme elevation) at 365 mg/m2 . In A2, 1 grade 4 DLT (neutropenia)<br />

occurred at 165 mg/m2 ; in A3, no DLTs occurred. Mean (�SD) Cave (�AUC0-12h/12h) <strong>of</strong> crizotinib at SS was 466�114 ng/mL at 215 mg/m2 /<br />

dose (n�5), 443�121 ng/mL at 280 mg/m2 /dose (n�8), and 720�230<br />

ng/mL at 365mg/m2 /dose (n�4). Response data for pts with ALCL (six at<br />

165 mg/m2 , two at 280 mg/m2 ) approved for release by the Data Safety<br />

Monitoring Committee demonstrates 7/8 (88%) complete response (CR)<br />

rate to date. RT-PCR data for 6 <strong>of</strong> these pts at 57 time points was obtained<br />

and will be described. In addition, 2 pts with NB have had CRs, one with a<br />

documented ALK mutation. One patient with an inflammatory my<strong>of</strong>ibroblastic<br />

tumor and one with NSCLC had PRs. Conclusions: Inhibition <strong>of</strong> ALK in<br />

pediatric pts with ALK-driven tumors occurs with minimal toxicity and is<br />

associated with objective anti-tumor activity.<br />

9502 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />

Stanford V chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy for children and<br />

adolescents with unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma: Results <strong>of</strong> a multiinstitutional<br />

prospective clinical trial. Presenting Author: Monika Metzger,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN<br />

Background: To evaluate the efficacy <strong>of</strong> 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V chemotherapy<br />

(prednisone, vinblastine, doxorubicine, nitrogen mustard, etoposide,<br />

vincristine, and bleomycin) without routine growth factor support plus<br />

response-adapted low-dose, involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) in children<br />

and adolescents with unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Methods:<br />

Multi-institutional (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Stanford University,<br />

Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital and<br />

Maine Children’s Hospital) clinical trial. One hundred forty-one patients<br />

with clinical stages IIB (n�43), IIIB (n�19), IVA (n�27), and IVB (n�52)<br />

HL were treated with 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V chemotherapy and low dose<br />

IFRT between June 2002 and May 2011. Involved nodal sites in complete<br />

remission (CR, defined as � 75% shrinkage <strong>of</strong> the original tumor and PET<br />

negative) after 8 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V received 15 Gy IFRT; those sites that<br />

achieved only partial response received 25.5 Gy IFRT after completion <strong>of</strong><br />

all 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> chemotherapy. Results: With a median follow-up <strong>of</strong> 4.6<br />

years, the 3-year overall and event-free survival (EFS) are 97% (SE�2%)<br />

and 79% (SE�4%) respectively. There was no significant difference in EFS<br />

by stage (IIB vs. IIIB vs. IV; P�0.84). Ten patients developed progessive<br />

disease and 18 relapsed, while 5 have died (1 after relapse in an accident<br />

and 4 <strong>of</strong> refractory disease). Most common toxicities were grade 3<br />

hematologic with 234 episodes <strong>of</strong> neutropenia in 101 patients (72%) and<br />

85 episodes <strong>of</strong> anemia in 52 patients (37%); Fever and neutropenia<br />

occurred 13 times in 12 patients (9%). Conclusions: Risk-adapted,<br />

combined-modality therapy using 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V chemotherapy<br />

plus IFRT is well tolerated in this population with manageable acute<br />

toxicities. Overall survival is comparable to other more intense chemotherapy<br />

regimens. Future high-risk front line therapies may consider a<br />

Stanford V backbone with targeted intensification and further tailoring <strong>of</strong><br />

radiation therapy.<br />

9501 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />

Efficacy <strong>of</strong> rituximab plus FAB group C chemotherapy without CNS<br />

radiation in CNS-positive pediatric Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia: A report<br />

from the Children’s Oncology Group. Presenting Author: J. Kimble Frazer,<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Utah, Salt Lake City, UT<br />

Background: Historically, CNS-positive (CNS�) mature B-NHL in children<br />

and adolescents has been associated with a dismal outcome (Miles/Cairo,<br />

Br J Haematol, 2012). Adding CNS radiation and high-dose MTX and<br />

cytarabine to group C therapy for children with CNS� B-NHL yielded a<br />

77% 5-yr EFS in LMB89 (Patte et al., Blood, 2001). An ensuing<br />

FAB/LMB96 trial replaced cranial radiation with further HD-MTX and<br />

intrathecal therapy with similar results (75% 4-yr EFS) (Cairo et al., Blood,<br />

2007). Here, patients with marrow and CNS� disease fared worse than<br />

isolated CNS� (61% vs. 83% 4-yr EFS, p�0.001), with �50% <strong>of</strong> CNS�<br />

patients who progressed or recurred having systemic, but not CNS, relapse.<br />

Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, improved EFS, PFS, and OS<br />

when added to chemotherapy for adults with DLBCL (Coiffier et al., N Engl J<br />

Med, 2002; Pfreundschuh et al., Lancet Oncol, 2006). We tested whether<br />

adding rituximab to FAB group C chemotherapy in pediatric patients with<br />

CNS� B-NHL was safe and efficacious. Methods: Children and adolescents<br />

(�21 yrs.) with CNS� B-NHL received FAB group C1 therapy (Cairo et al.,<br />

Blood, 2007). Rituximab (375 mg/m2 /dose) was given twice in COPADM<br />

courses 1&2andonce in CYVE courses (Cairo et al., ASCO, 2010). CSF<br />

blasts (�1), cranial nerve palsy (CNP), intra-cerebral mass (ICM), and/or<br />

parameningeal extension (PME) defined cases as CNS�. Results: Of 40<br />

eligible Group C patients,15 (38%) were CNS�; all 15 had Burkitt<br />

morphology. Eight CNS� patients were CSF� [WBC median 35 (range<br />

1-1104)] with 6 cases CNP�, 4 PME�, and 1 ICM�. No adverse events<br />

were attributed to rituximab. Fourteen <strong>of</strong> 15 CNS� patients (93%) are alive<br />

and disease-free. Of 7 BM- /CNS� patients, 100% are NED. In BM�/CNS�<br />

cases, 7/8 (88%) are NED, with one patient progressing with systemic and<br />

CNS disease. Conclusions: Addition <strong>of</strong> rituximab to group C FAB therapy<br />

was well tolerated. Outcomes in this small cohort <strong>of</strong> 15 children and<br />

adolescents with CNS� BL (93%) suggest that adding rituximab to FAB<br />

group C therapy without CNS radiation may reduce systemic relapse. Large<br />

randomized studies are warranted to test this hypothesis in this previously<br />

high-risk clinical subgroup.<br />

9503 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />

The effects <strong>of</strong> dexrazoxane on cardiac status and second malignant<br />

neoplasms (SMN) in doxorubicin-treated patients with osteosarcoma (OS).<br />

Presenting Author: Lisa M. Kopp, The University <strong>of</strong> Arizona, Tucson, AZ<br />

Background: Anthracyclines are highly efficacious in OS but associated with<br />

risk <strong>of</strong> cardiotoxicity. We conducted two studies using dexrazoxane as a<br />

cardioprotectant: i) AOST0121, a phase II study for metastatic OS and ii)<br />

P9754, a series <strong>of</strong> pilot studies including doxorubicin dose intensification<br />

in patients with localized OS. Methods: Patients on AOST0121 received<br />

methotrexate, doxorubicin (375 mg/m2 ), cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide<br />

(MAPIE). Those with HER2-positive tumors also received trastuzumab<br />

(4 mg/kg loading dose, 2 mg/kg weekly). On P9754, patients received MAP<br />

in Pilot 1, MAPI or MAPIE in Pilots 2 and 3. Total doxorubicin was 450<br />

mg/m2 or 600 mg/m2 with each dose preceded by dexrazoxane (10:1 ratio).<br />

Etoposide was never given simultaneously with dexrazoxane. Measurements<br />

<strong>of</strong> left ventricular systolic function by echocardiography, serum<br />

troponin-T (cTnT, a myocardial injury marker) and N-terminal pro-brain<br />

natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, a cardiomyopathy marker) were obtained<br />

at baseline and repeated during therapy. Secondary malignancies were<br />

reported to the NCI. Results: None <strong>of</strong> the 47 patients (17 receiving<br />

trastuzumab) evaluated for cardiac toxicity on AOST0121 had significant<br />

changes in left ventricular fractional shortening, measurable cTnT, elevation<br />

<strong>of</strong> NT-proBNP or clinical evidence <strong>of</strong> cardiotoxicity (CTCv2.0). In<br />

P9754, 242 patients were evaluated for cardiotoxicity. Only 1 patient had<br />

CTCv2.0 grade 3 toxicity and 1 patient had a measurable cTnT. Three <strong>of</strong> 96<br />

patients treated on AOST0121 and two <strong>of</strong> 272 patients on P9754<br />

developed AML. Combining both studies: 5/398 or 1.4%. Conclusions: This<br />

large group <strong>of</strong> OS patients demonstrates that dexrazoxane is an effective<br />

cardioprotectant for doxorubicin alone (375-600 mg/m2 ), and in combination<br />

with trastuzumab. Dexrazoxane did not lead to an increase in<br />

secondary malignancies in OS patients treated with these regimens as<br />

compared to historical rates <strong>of</strong> 1-2%. Our results do not support the<br />

findings <strong>of</strong> a recent European Medicines Agency safety review that<br />

concluded dexrazoxane was unsafe for use in children and adolescents due<br />

to risk <strong>of</strong> SMN.<br />

Visit abstract.asco.org and search by abstract for the full list <strong>of</strong> abstract authors and their disclosure information.

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