Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
Annual Meeting Proceedings Part 1 - American Society of Clinical ...
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606s Pediatric Oncology<br />
9500 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />
Efficacy <strong>of</strong> crizotinib in children with relapsed/refractory ALK-driven<br />
tumors including anaplastic large cell lymphoma and neuroblastoma: A<br />
Children’s Oncology Group phase I consortium study. Presenting Author:<br />
Yael P. Mosse, The Children’s Hospital <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA<br />
Background: Genetic aberrations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)<br />
gene are found in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), neuroblastoma<br />
(NB) and other tumors.Crizotinib,a small molecule inhibitor <strong>of</strong> ALK and<br />
c-Met, is active in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring an ALK<br />
translocation. We performed a phase 1 dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic<br />
(PK) trial <strong>of</strong> crizotinib in patients (pts) with refractory solid tumors<br />
and ALCL. Methods: Crizotinib was administered bid without interruption in<br />
28 day cycles using the rolling-six design. Six dose levels (100, 130, 165,<br />
215, 280, 365 mg/m2 /dose) have been evaluated (A1). Pts with confirmed<br />
ALK fusion proteins, mutations or amplification (A2) could enroll at one<br />
dose level lower than part A1 and those with NB could enroll on a separate<br />
stratum (A3). PK studies were performed on day 1 and at steady state (SS).<br />
ALK genomic status in tumor tissue was evaluated and qPCR was used to<br />
measure NPM-ALK fusion transcript in bone marrow and blood samples <strong>of</strong><br />
ALCL pts. Results: 70 pts were enrolled, 57 fully evaluable for toxicity,<br />
[median (range) age 9.9 yrs (1.1–21.3)]: 29 on A1, 18 on A2, and 10 on<br />
A3. In A1, 2/7 pts developed DLT (grade 3 dizziness, grade 5 intra-tumoral<br />
hemorrhage) at 215 mg/m2 and 1/6 pts developed DLT (grade 4 liver<br />
enzyme elevation) at 365 mg/m2 . In A2, 1 grade 4 DLT (neutropenia)<br />
occurred at 165 mg/m2 ; in A3, no DLTs occurred. Mean (�SD) Cave (�AUC0-12h/12h) <strong>of</strong> crizotinib at SS was 466�114 ng/mL at 215 mg/m2 /<br />
dose (n�5), 443�121 ng/mL at 280 mg/m2 /dose (n�8), and 720�230<br />
ng/mL at 365mg/m2 /dose (n�4). Response data for pts with ALCL (six at<br />
165 mg/m2 , two at 280 mg/m2 ) approved for release by the Data Safety<br />
Monitoring Committee demonstrates 7/8 (88%) complete response (CR)<br />
rate to date. RT-PCR data for 6 <strong>of</strong> these pts at 57 time points was obtained<br />
and will be described. In addition, 2 pts with NB have had CRs, one with a<br />
documented ALK mutation. One patient with an inflammatory my<strong>of</strong>ibroblastic<br />
tumor and one with NSCLC had PRs. Conclusions: Inhibition <strong>of</strong> ALK in<br />
pediatric pts with ALK-driven tumors occurs with minimal toxicity and is<br />
associated with objective anti-tumor activity.<br />
9502 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />
Stanford V chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy for children and<br />
adolescents with unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma: Results <strong>of</strong> a multiinstitutional<br />
prospective clinical trial. Presenting Author: Monika Metzger,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN<br />
Background: To evaluate the efficacy <strong>of</strong> 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V chemotherapy<br />
(prednisone, vinblastine, doxorubicine, nitrogen mustard, etoposide,<br />
vincristine, and bleomycin) without routine growth factor support plus<br />
response-adapted low-dose, involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) in children<br />
and adolescents with unfavorable risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Methods:<br />
Multi-institutional (St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Stanford University,<br />
Children’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital and<br />
Maine Children’s Hospital) clinical trial. One hundred forty-one patients<br />
with clinical stages IIB (n�43), IIIB (n�19), IVA (n�27), and IVB (n�52)<br />
HL were treated with 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V chemotherapy and low dose<br />
IFRT between June 2002 and May 2011. Involved nodal sites in complete<br />
remission (CR, defined as � 75% shrinkage <strong>of</strong> the original tumor and PET<br />
negative) after 8 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V received 15 Gy IFRT; those sites that<br />
achieved only partial response received 25.5 Gy IFRT after completion <strong>of</strong><br />
all 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> chemotherapy. Results: With a median follow-up <strong>of</strong> 4.6<br />
years, the 3-year overall and event-free survival (EFS) are 97% (SE�2%)<br />
and 79% (SE�4%) respectively. There was no significant difference in EFS<br />
by stage (IIB vs. IIIB vs. IV; P�0.84). Ten patients developed progessive<br />
disease and 18 relapsed, while 5 have died (1 after relapse in an accident<br />
and 4 <strong>of</strong> refractory disease). Most common toxicities were grade 3<br />
hematologic with 234 episodes <strong>of</strong> neutropenia in 101 patients (72%) and<br />
85 episodes <strong>of</strong> anemia in 52 patients (37%); Fever and neutropenia<br />
occurred 13 times in 12 patients (9%). Conclusions: Risk-adapted,<br />
combined-modality therapy using 12 weeks <strong>of</strong> Stanford V chemotherapy<br />
plus IFRT is well tolerated in this population with manageable acute<br />
toxicities. Overall survival is comparable to other more intense chemotherapy<br />
regimens. Future high-risk front line therapies may consider a<br />
Stanford V backbone with targeted intensification and further tailoring <strong>of</strong><br />
radiation therapy.<br />
9501 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />
Efficacy <strong>of</strong> rituximab plus FAB group C chemotherapy without CNS<br />
radiation in CNS-positive pediatric Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia: A report<br />
from the Children’s Oncology Group. Presenting Author: J. Kimble Frazer,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Utah, Salt Lake City, UT<br />
Background: Historically, CNS-positive (CNS�) mature B-NHL in children<br />
and adolescents has been associated with a dismal outcome (Miles/Cairo,<br />
Br J Haematol, 2012). Adding CNS radiation and high-dose MTX and<br />
cytarabine to group C therapy for children with CNS� B-NHL yielded a<br />
77% 5-yr EFS in LMB89 (Patte et al., Blood, 2001). An ensuing<br />
FAB/LMB96 trial replaced cranial radiation with further HD-MTX and<br />
intrathecal therapy with similar results (75% 4-yr EFS) (Cairo et al., Blood,<br />
2007). Here, patients with marrow and CNS� disease fared worse than<br />
isolated CNS� (61% vs. 83% 4-yr EFS, p�0.001), with �50% <strong>of</strong> CNS�<br />
patients who progressed or recurred having systemic, but not CNS, relapse.<br />
Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, improved EFS, PFS, and OS<br />
when added to chemotherapy for adults with DLBCL (Coiffier et al., N Engl J<br />
Med, 2002; Pfreundschuh et al., Lancet Oncol, 2006). We tested whether<br />
adding rituximab to FAB group C chemotherapy in pediatric patients with<br />
CNS� B-NHL was safe and efficacious. Methods: Children and adolescents<br />
(�21 yrs.) with CNS� B-NHL received FAB group C1 therapy (Cairo et al.,<br />
Blood, 2007). Rituximab (375 mg/m2 /dose) was given twice in COPADM<br />
courses 1&2andonce in CYVE courses (Cairo et al., ASCO, 2010). CSF<br />
blasts (�1), cranial nerve palsy (CNP), intra-cerebral mass (ICM), and/or<br />
parameningeal extension (PME) defined cases as CNS�. Results: Of 40<br />
eligible Group C patients,15 (38%) were CNS�; all 15 had Burkitt<br />
morphology. Eight CNS� patients were CSF� [WBC median 35 (range<br />
1-1104)] with 6 cases CNP�, 4 PME�, and 1 ICM�. No adverse events<br />
were attributed to rituximab. Fourteen <strong>of</strong> 15 CNS� patients (93%) are alive<br />
and disease-free. Of 7 BM- /CNS� patients, 100% are NED. In BM�/CNS�<br />
cases, 7/8 (88%) are NED, with one patient progressing with systemic and<br />
CNS disease. Conclusions: Addition <strong>of</strong> rituximab to group C FAB therapy<br />
was well tolerated. Outcomes in this small cohort <strong>of</strong> 15 children and<br />
adolescents with CNS� BL (93%) suggest that adding rituximab to FAB<br />
group C therapy without CNS radiation may reduce systemic relapse. Large<br />
randomized studies are warranted to test this hypothesis in this previously<br />
high-risk clinical subgroup.<br />
9503 Oral Abstract Session, Sat, 1:15 PM-4:15 PM<br />
The effects <strong>of</strong> dexrazoxane on cardiac status and second malignant<br />
neoplasms (SMN) in doxorubicin-treated patients with osteosarcoma (OS).<br />
Presenting Author: Lisa M. Kopp, The University <strong>of</strong> Arizona, Tucson, AZ<br />
Background: Anthracyclines are highly efficacious in OS but associated with<br />
risk <strong>of</strong> cardiotoxicity. We conducted two studies using dexrazoxane as a<br />
cardioprotectant: i) AOST0121, a phase II study for metastatic OS and ii)<br />
P9754, a series <strong>of</strong> pilot studies including doxorubicin dose intensification<br />
in patients with localized OS. Methods: Patients on AOST0121 received<br />
methotrexate, doxorubicin (375 mg/m2 ), cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide<br />
(MAPIE). Those with HER2-positive tumors also received trastuzumab<br />
(4 mg/kg loading dose, 2 mg/kg weekly). On P9754, patients received MAP<br />
in Pilot 1, MAPI or MAPIE in Pilots 2 and 3. Total doxorubicin was 450<br />
mg/m2 or 600 mg/m2 with each dose preceded by dexrazoxane (10:1 ratio).<br />
Etoposide was never given simultaneously with dexrazoxane. Measurements<br />
<strong>of</strong> left ventricular systolic function by echocardiography, serum<br />
troponin-T (cTnT, a myocardial injury marker) and N-terminal pro-brain<br />
natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, a cardiomyopathy marker) were obtained<br />
at baseline and repeated during therapy. Secondary malignancies were<br />
reported to the NCI. Results: None <strong>of</strong> the 47 patients (17 receiving<br />
trastuzumab) evaluated for cardiac toxicity on AOST0121 had significant<br />
changes in left ventricular fractional shortening, measurable cTnT, elevation<br />
<strong>of</strong> NT-proBNP or clinical evidence <strong>of</strong> cardiotoxicity (CTCv2.0). In<br />
P9754, 242 patients were evaluated for cardiotoxicity. Only 1 patient had<br />
CTCv2.0 grade 3 toxicity and 1 patient had a measurable cTnT. Three <strong>of</strong> 96<br />
patients treated on AOST0121 and two <strong>of</strong> 272 patients on P9754<br />
developed AML. Combining both studies: 5/398 or 1.4%. Conclusions: This<br />
large group <strong>of</strong> OS patients demonstrates that dexrazoxane is an effective<br />
cardioprotectant for doxorubicin alone (375-600 mg/m2 ), and in combination<br />
with trastuzumab. Dexrazoxane did not lead to an increase in<br />
secondary malignancies in OS patients treated with these regimens as<br />
compared to historical rates <strong>of</strong> 1-2%. Our results do not support the<br />
findings <strong>of</strong> a recent European Medicines Agency safety review that<br />
concluded dexrazoxane was unsafe for use in children and adolescents due<br />
to risk <strong>of</strong> SMN.<br />
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