SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S ... - Emanuel Tov

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xviii List of Tables 21. Scrolls with partially preserved beginnings 110 22. Scrolls whose ends have been preserved in part 111 23. Unruled wide margins at the beginnings of scrolls 113 24. Ruled wide margins at the beginnings of scrolls 114 25. Uninscribed area at the end of scrolls 116 26. Titles 119 27. Hebrew/Aramaic de luxe editions among the texts from the Judean Desert 126 28. Hebrew/Aramaic scrolls of large dimensions that may have been de luxe editions 129 Chapter 5 1. Internal differences within MT concerning the scope of verses in parallel passages 141 2. Small section units in the Qumran texts 144 3. Section units in parallel manuscripts of biblical books 151 4. Section units in parallel manuscripts of nonbiblical compositions 151 5. Frequency of section units in codex L 153 6. Section units in Lev 1:14–2:14 157 7. Section units in Deut 12:1–14:22 158 8. Manuscripts of poetical texts displaying a stichographic layout 168 9. Manuscripts of poetical texts not displaying a stichographic layout 169 10. Cancellation dots above more than one letter 189 11. Cancellation dots above single letters 190 12. Cancellation dots/strokes above and below single letters 191 13. Letters erased after the placing of the cancellation dots above and below single letters 192 14. Cancellation dots/strokes above and below individual letters and words 193 15. Irregular number of cancellation dots 195 16. Words or letters crossed out with a line 199 17. Employment of number signs in non-documentary texts 213 18. Dotted words in MT supported by external evidence 215 19. Tetrapuncta in the Qumran scrolls 218 20. Final letters in nonfinal position 233 Chapter 6 1. Tetragrammata written with Paleo-Hebrew characters 242 2. Divine names (Tetragrammata and
PREFACE This monograph deals with small details pertaining to scribes. These details are important in their own right for improving our understanding of these scribes and the compositions they copied. They should be added to our storehouse of knowledge relating to the biblical and nonbiblical compositions found in the Judean Desert. At the same time, the various sets of data analyzed in this book can sometimes be combined to form a larger field of information contributing to our understanding of the background of specific Qumran compositions and of the transmission of the biblical text in antiquity. The information gathered here may also be relevant to the study of the transmission of other documents from antiquity, such as ancient Greek literature. I have also looked at parallels in the ancient Near East, but undoubtedly these parallels can be expanded. This book has been written over the course of twelve years alongside my editorial work for the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series. My mind was always working at two levels; when reviewing text editions and examining photographs for this series, I also jotted down notes for myself concerning matters of special scribal interest. This interest in scribal features goes back to my student days when I wrote a seminar paper on the signs used by the Alexandrian grammarian Aristarchus (c. 217–145 BCE) for Prof. B. Lifschitz of the Department of Classical Studies at the Hebrew University. It is a pleasant task to thank the main libraries used: the Mount Scopus Library and the National and University Library at the Hebrew University, the Andover Divinity Library and the Widener Library at Harvard University, the Bodleian Library and the library of the Semitic Institute in Oxford, and the Theologicum in Tübingen. The photographs used to examine the Judean Desert texts are from the valuable PAM (Palestine Archaeological Museum) series at the Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem. Also used were the newer photographs produced by the Jerusalem West Semitic Project (Claremont, Calif.). All early Greek biblical papyri that could be located in the libraries of the Philologisches Seminar in Tübingen and at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia (especially in the Ancient History Documentary Research Centre) were consulted. This book was written over a long period, mainly during brief sabbaticals and research travels. I am grateful to all the institutions that provided hospitality and good conditions for research. In chronological order they were the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies (1994–95), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam (1999), Sydney University (1999), Harvard Center for Jewish Studies (2000–2001), Tübingen University (2000, 2001), Göttingen University (2002), Uppsala University (2003), and the University of Munich (2003). Thanks are expressed to the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung in Germany which, by presenting me with a Forschungspreis, enabled my work at German Universities. Various individuals showed an interest in the topic of this monograph and remarked on my earlier papers which lay at the basis of several sections in the book. At the final stage several colleagues, all of whom are personal friends, were kind enough to read major parts of this book. I am especially indebted to R. A. Kraft from the University of Pennsylvania, an authority in matters papyrological, who saved me from many an imprecision and also made many valuable suggestions. Making good use of his recent retirement, he spent countless hours on my manuscript. I also very much appreciate the insightful remarks of M. Abegg from Trinity Western University in Langley, B.C., Canada and A. Lange from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At an earlier stage, I discussed various issues with J. Strugnell at Harvard.
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Page 5 and 6: DEDICATED TO THE SCRIBES WHO WROTE
Page 7 and 8: Contents vii CONTENTS Text Editions
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Page 23 and 24: 1 INTRODUCTION a. Purpose and natur
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4 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF SCROLL WRITI
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(4) No indication Scribal Practices
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5 WRITING PRACTICES The writing pra
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6 SCRIPTS 293 a. Square (Jewish) sc
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7 SPECIAL SCRIBAL CHARACTERISTICS O
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264 Appendix 1 3. Scribal markings
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266 Appendix 1 4QJer d gd — n b 1
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268 Appendix 1 4Q256 4QSb y y 3 20
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270 Appendix 1 4Q496 4QpapMf y y y
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272 Appendix 1 Doc/Mish B 4Q322 4QM
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APPENDIX 2 PAPYRUS TEXTS FROM THE J
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APPENDIX 3 OPISTHOGRAPHS FROM THE J
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APPENDIX 4 THE GREEK TEXTS FROM THE
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APPENDIX 5 SCRIBAL FEATURES OF EARL
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CE) P.Oxy. 65.4443 of Esther E and
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P.Antinoopolis 8 of Proverbs 5-20 (
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APPENDIX 6 THE HEBREW TEXTS FROM MA
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SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S ... - Emanuel Tov

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