SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S ... - Emanuel Tov

Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts from the Judean Desert 3
stich (2–5 words) in the running text, but the special meaning of this feature in this particular
pericope, probably considered one unit by the scribe, still needs to be analyzed (ch. 5a3).
Regarding other details, we note that the great majority of the marginal notations in the
Qumran scrolls are in the nature of correcting additions and not variant readings (ch. 5f), that
certain small words and particles were often joined to other words (5a1), and that some Qumran
writings included markings in the Cryptic A script (5c3). Study of scribal practices is instructive
regarding the approaches of scribes to certain types of texts (ch. 7) and about the exegetical
aspects of the work of the scribes (2h). One of the characteristics of the exegetical dimensions of
scribal activity pertains to the marking of sense units within the text (5a), while another pertains
to scribal signs; more substantial exegetical activity is visible in various forms of scribal
intervention in the text itself (2h).
b. Sources
The analysis pertains to all the texts from the Judean Desert, non-documentary (literary) as well
as documentary, with special emphasis on literary texts (in APPENDIX 6 it is suggested that the
Masada nonbiblical texts probably derived from Qumran, which if true would confirm our main
source of information for this monograph as being the Qumran corpus). The texts discussed were
found at the following sites, listed from north to south: Wadi Daliyeh (strictly speaking, beyond
the Judean Desert, but published in DJD), Ketef Jericho, Qumran (Khirbet Qumran and the
Qumran caves), Khirbet Mird, Wadi MurabbaÆat, Wadi Sdeir („ Nah>al David), Nah>al H≥ever
(also named ‘Seiyal’ in the publications), Nah>al Mishmar, Nah>al S>eæelim, and Masada.
The texts found at these locations are quoted here according to their official names and
inventory numbers as recorded in the latest lists, especially in DJD XXXIX (The Texts from the
Judaean Desert: Indices and an Introduction to the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert Series; ed. E.
Tov, Oxford 2002). The texts were examined mainly in photographs, positives as well as the
microfiche edition (Tov–Pfann, Companion Volume) and sometimes in the originals. They are
quoted from the critical editions, mainly DJD, but also additional editions relating to the long texts
from cave 1, 2 some texts from cave 4, 3 and two texts from cave 11. 4
Some scribal practices detected in the texts from the Judean Desert were developed ad hoc,
but more frequently they followed earlier writing traditions in the same language or script or other
languages used in the area. For this purpose, other scribal traditions are quoted below for
comparison, although direct influence can be established only in some instances. Much older
documents are quoted in order to provide background material on individual scribal practices, such
2 a
1QIsa
1QIsa
Parry–Qimron, Isaiah; Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls, vol. 1.
b Sukenik, Dead Sea Scrolls, together with sections of this manuscript which were published as
no. 8 in DJD I (Oxford 1955).
1QpHab Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls, vol. 1; also: Horgan, Pesharim.
1Q19bis (Noah) J. C. Trever, “Completion of the Publication,” RevQ 5 (1964–66) 323–44.
1QapGen ar Avigad–Yadin, Genesis Apocryphon.
1QapGen ar I, III–VIII, X, XI, XIII–XVII: M. Morgenstern, E. Qimron, D. Sivan, AbrN 33 (1995) 30–54.
1QapGen ar II, IX, XVIII–XXII: Avigad–Yadin, Genesis Apocryphon.
1QapGen ar XII J. Greenfield and E. Qimron, “The Genesis Apocryphon Col. XII,” AbrNSup 3 (1992) 70–77. 1QS
Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls, vol. 2.
1QM I–XIX
1QH
Sukenik, Dead Sea Scrolls.
a
Sukenik, Dead Sea Scrolls (in parenthesis: column numbers according to Puech, “Quelques
aspects”).
3 4Q202, 204–206, 210–212. See Milik, Enoch.
4 a
11QpaleoLev Freedman–Mathews, Leviticus; É. Puech, “Notes en marge de 11QPaléolévitique, le fragment
L, des fragments inédits et une jarre de la grotte 11,” RB 96 (1989) 161–89; E. J. C. Tigchelaar,
“Some More Small 11Q1 Fragments,” RevQ 70 (1998) 325–30.
11QT a
Y. Yadin, The Temple Scroll, vols. 1–3 (Jerusalem 1977; Hebrew); The Temple Scroll, vols. 1–3
(Jerusalem 1983).