SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S ... - Emanuel Tov

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196 Chapter 5: Writing Practices and c1. The sign in line 18 (fig. 1 1. 4) 4 probably represents a stylized paleo-Hebrew sin/shin, almost of the Samaritan type, introducing a scriptural quotation in the pesher. 4QpapMMT e (4Q398) 14–17 i 4: paleo-Hebrew
Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts from the Judean Desert 197 4QDeutb I 15 end of the line (fig. 2 5): 5 The meaning of the sign in the shape of a reversed h≥et (J. A. Duncan, DJD XIV 11: ‘three strokes of ink’) is unclear. 4Qpap pIsa c (4Q163) 4–7 ii 4–7, 14, 15, 17: Horizontal lines in the margin designate the writing of the pesher. 4QTime of Righteousness (4Q215a) 1 i, end of line 9 (fig. 5 . 8): 8 The nature of this sign is unclear. 4QInstrb (4Q416) 2 ii 6 (fig. 5 .9): .9 The nature of this elliptical shape is unclear. Cf. fig. 1 0 . 4. 4 MasDeut line 5 (Deut 33:20) dqdq (last word in the verse): The meaning of the wedge-shaped form above the first letter of this word (fig. 2 0) 0 is unclear. Note further: 4QIsad 4–5: The marks in the bottom margin are probably remains of letters rather than signs. 4QCal Doc/Mish B (4Q321) V 3: The nature of the sign above the line above the first letter of hpwjb in the form of two lines forming a right angle is unclear. The detail could reflect a nun without any recognizable contextual meaning (thus S. Talmon, DJD XXI, 75). (6) Marks written at the ends of lines as line-fillers The notion that some signs in the Qumran manuscripts served as special types of line-filler is well established, since such a practice is clearly visible in several of the later texts from Nah≥al H≥ever (DJD XXVII and Yardeni, Textbook). The special purpose of these line-fillers was to point out that the space at the end of the line was not to be taken as a section marker (‘open section’), indicated by an X-sign at the point of the left margin, usually flush with the vertical line, or slightly to the right. 5/6H≥ev papLease Contract (5/6H≥ev 42) 2 (Yardeni, Textbook, 1.102). 5/6H≥ev papLease of Land (5/6H≥ev 44) 2, 5, 12, 15, 16, 22, 23. The X-signs are written at the ends of the lines, which are somewhat shorter than the other lines. In line 5 it occurs after ˆy[b, while the following line starts with ydg; accordingly the function of the X can only be that of a line-filler, since it is placed between Ein and Gedi. For the data, see JDS 3, pl. 77 and Yardeni, Textbook, 1.113. 5/6H≥ev papLease of Land (5/6H≥ev 45) 12, 20, 21, 26, 28. Line 12 ends with ˆb ˆw[mç, and the following line starts with abswk. In the relatively large space at the end of line 12, which is too short for abswk, an X-sign is indicated. See Yardeni, Textbook, 1.115. 5/6H≥ev papLease of Land (5/6H≥ev 46) 5, 10. See Yardeni, Textbook, 1.118. XH≥ev/Se papDeed of Sale E ar (XH≥ev/Se 21) a 12: An X-sign is written in the Lower Version, in the middle of a phrase at the end of the line (fig. 22 . 3). 3 In three Qumran texts, the X-signs were likewise used for the specific purpose of indicating that a space at the end of a line should not be mistaken for an ‘open section,’ which has a definite contextual meaning: 261 1QpHab III 12 (fig. 22 . 6), 6 14; IV 11, 14; VI 4, 12; VIII 1; IX 1, 13, 16 (?); X 3; XII 2. This explanation was recognized first by M. H. Lehman, “Materials Concerning the Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls: I Habakkuk,” PEQ 83 (1951) 32–54, especially 47. 262 Lehman noted a similar X-sign in an Oxford Genizah fragment MS Heb c. 18, fol. 30. In 1QpHab, these X-signs were always written slightly to the right of, or flush with, the left vertical ruled line (illustr. 3). This also pertains to the single
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SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S R
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DEDICATED TO THE SCRIBES WHO WROTE
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Contents vii CONTENTS Text Editions
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Contents ix Chapter 8: Scribal Trad
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xii Text Editions Sam. Pent (SP) A.
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xiv Periodicals, Reference Works, a
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REFERENCES AND SUNDRY ABBREVIATIONS
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xviii List of Tables 21. Scrolls wi
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xx Preface This book contains thous
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1 INTRODUCTION a. Purpose and natur
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Scribal Practices and Approaches Re
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Copyists, scribes, and soferim 2 SC
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3 WRITING AND WRITING MATERIALS The
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4 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF SCROLL WRITI
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(4) No indication Scribal Practices
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5 WRITING PRACTICES The writing pra
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248 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions s
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250 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions s
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252 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions L
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254 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions T
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256 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions T
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258 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions h
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260 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions r
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262 Chapter 8: Scribal Traditions
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264 Appendix 1 3. Scribal markings
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266 Appendix 1 4QJer d gd — n b 1
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268 Appendix 1 4Q256 4QSb y y 3 20
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270 Appendix 1 4Q496 4QpapMf y y y
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272 Appendix 1 Doc/Mish B 4Q322 4QM
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APPENDIX 2 PAPYRUS TEXTS FROM THE J
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APPENDIX 3 OPISTHOGRAPHS FROM THE J
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APPENDIX 4 THE GREEK TEXTS FROM THE
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APPENDIX 5 SCRIBAL FEATURES OF EARL
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CE) P.Oxy. 65.4443 of Esther E and
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P.Antinoopolis 8 of Proverbs 5-20 (
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P.Rylands 1 of Deut 23 (4 CE) P.Oxy
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APPENDIX 6 THE HEBREW TEXTS FROM MA
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SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S ... - Emanuel Tov

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