SCRIBAL PRACTICES AND APPROACHE S ... - Emanuel Tov

viii Contents
h. Titles of Compositions and Headers of Sections 118
i. Uneven Surface, Damage, Repair Stitching, and Patching 122
j. De Luxe Editions 125
Chapter 5: Writing Practices 131
a. Divisions between Words, Small Sense Units (Stichs and Verses),
Sections, Poetical Units, and Books 131
(1) Word Division 131
(2) Indication of Small Sense Units (Stichs and Verses) in Biblical Manuscripts 135
(3) Division between Large Sense Units (Sections) 143
(4) Division between Poetical Units (Psalms) 163
(5) Division between Books in Biblical Manuscripts 165
b. Special Layout and Superscriptions 166
c. Scribal Marks and Procedures 178
(1) Section Markers, Almost Exclusively in the Margin, and Other Scribal
Systems Pertaining to the Division of the Text into Sections 180
(2) Marks Pertaining to Scribal Intervention, Mainly for the Correction of Errors 187
(3) Single Letters in the Cryptic A Script, Mainly Written in the Margin 203
(4) Single Paleo-Hebrew Letters Written in the Margin 206
(5) Marks, Including Unexplained Signs, Drawing Attention to Matters in the Text 208
(6) Marks Written at the Ends of Lines as Line-fillers 209
(7) Separation Dots between Words 211
(8) Letters and Marks Possibly Numbering Sheets and Units 211
(9) Signs for Numerals 212
(10) Appendix: Paratextual Elements in Medieval Masoretic Manuscripts 214
d. Special Writing of Divine Names 218
e. Errors 221
f. Correction Procedures and the Degree of Scribal Intervention 222
g. Final and Nonfinal Letters 230
h. Notation of Variant Readings and Glosses? 234
i. Abbreviations 235
Chapter 6: Scripts 237
a. Square (Jewish) Script 237
b. Writing in the Paleo-Hebrew Script and Its Background 238
(1) Individual Paleo-Hebrew Letters Used as Scribal Markings in the Margins
of Texts Written in Square Characters 238
(2) Divine Names in Paleo-Hebrew Characters in Texts Written in Square Characters 238
(3) Texts Written Completely in Paleo-Hebrew Characters 246
Chapter 7: Special Scribal Characteristics of Some Groups of Texts 249
a. Biblical Texts 250
b. Texts Written in the Paleo-Hebrew Script 254
c. Tefillin and Mezuzot 256
d. Texts Written on Papyrus 258
e. Texts Written in Greek 258
f. Pesharim 258
g. Texts Written in Cryptic Scripts 259