reproductive health services for adolescents - Pathfinder International

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Module 16/Unit 8 Specific Objective # 1: Describe the impact of STI/HIV on adolescents CONTENT Knowledge/Attitudes/Skills WHY ARE YOUTH AT RISK FOR STIS/HIV • Adolescent women are biologically more susceptible than older women to STIs. • The young female genital tract is not mature and is more susceptible to infection (a biological risk for girls). More cervical epithelial tissue is exposed at the opening of the vagina into the cervix and this tissue is more susceptible. • Women often do not show symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhea, the most common STIs, and having another STI increases their susceptibility to HIV. Adolescent women become infected with HIV/AIDS at twice the rate of adolescent men. • Sexual violence and exploitation, lack of formal education (including sexuality education), inability to negotiate with partners about sexual decisions, and lack of access to reproductive health services work together to put young women at especially high risk. • Both adolescent boys and girls may have immune systems that have not previously been challenged and have not mobilized defenses against sexually transmitted infections. • Sexual intercourse is often unplanned and spontaneous. Training/Learning Methods (Time Required) TRAINER PRESENTATION (5 MIN.) The trainer should explain that adolescents often think that they are too young or inexperienced to get an STI. They think that they are not at risk because they believe that "only promiscuous or bad people get STIs." As a provider, you play an important role in teaching adolescents about how to prevent STIs as well as providing treatment for those who contract a STI. LEARNING EXERCISE: YOUTH AT RISK COMPETITION (20 MIN.) The trainer should: • Divide Px into 2 groups. • Ask each group to come up with as many biological and social reasons as they can that put youth at risk for STIs and record them on newsprint. One group should list risks for adolescent boys and one for adolescent girls. • Allow 10 minutes for groups to discuss. • Reconvene the large group. • Ask each group to present their lists. The group with the most reasons gets a prize. • Discuss the lists and supplement with information from the content. Pathfinder International 104 Adolescent Curriculum
Module 16/Unit 8 CONTENT Knowledge/Attitudes/Skills • Adolescents lack basic information concerning the symptoms, transmission, and treatment of STIs. • Adolescents often have multiple, short-term sexual relationships and do not consistently use condoms. • Youth are subject to dangerous practices such as FGM, anal intercourse to preserve virginity, and scarification. • Young men sometimes have a need to prove sexual prowess. • In some cultures, girls are not empowered to say no. • Young men may have their first sexual experiences with sex workers. • Young women may have their first sexual experiences with older men. • Youth lack accurate knowledge about the body, sexuality, and sexual health. • There is a lack of political will to educate youth: no health/sexuality education, poor communication between youth and elders, and lack of materials directed at youth. • Youth lack control and are subject to early marriage, forced sex, girl trafficking, and poverty. • Youth often have little access to income and may engage in sex work for money or favors. • Youth may be more prone to infection because of anemia/malnutrition. Training/Learning Methods (Time Required) DISCUSSION AND GROUP WORK (45 MIN.) The trainer should: • Ask Px to form 4 small groups. • Ask each group to discuss for 20 minutes and report back on the following: Is there data available on STI prevalence in your working area, clinic, or ward If so, what kind of STIs do you see in your clinic What are the common STIs you see among youth coming to your clinic What educational materials directed at youth are available in your community What kind of services do you render to youth in your working area Are there laws, policies, regulations, or community norms that prevent you from serving youth How often do adolescents come for protection against both STIs/HIV and pregnancy (dual protection) Are there myths or rumors about STIs/HIV that interfere with care and treatment If yes, describe some of them. • Reconvene the large group. • Allow 20 minutes for presentations on the small group discussions. Pathfinder International 105 Adolescent Curriculum
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Comprehensive Reproductive Health a
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of
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