reproductive health services for adolescents - Pathfinder International

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Module 16/Unit 6 CONTENT Knowledge/Attitudes/Skills Training/Learning Methods (Time Required) These statistics document the extent of unprotected sexual activity among youth and demonstrate the clear need to protect young people both against STIs and pregnancy. SAFER SEX Sexually transmitted infections are infections that are spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse. Some can be spread through touching and kissing. Safer sex is anything that can be done to lower the risk of STIs and pregnancy. Safer sex reduces risks and can be practiced without reducing pleasure. SAFER SEX TECHNIQUES Abstinence is considered safe, but this depends on the definition of abstinence. If abstinence is the absence of sexual intercourse, it will prevent pregnancy, but not necessarily prevent all STIs. THE RANGE OF "SAFER SEX" "Safer Sex" describes a range of ways that sexually active people can protect themselves from STIs, including HIV infection. Practicing safer sex also provides protection from pregnancy. No Risk There are many ways to share sexual feelings that are not risky. Some of them include hugging, holding hands, massaging, rubbing against each other with clothes on, sharing fantasies, and self masturbation. QUESTIONNAIRE AND DISCUSSION (20 MIN.) The trainer should: • Introduce the topic of safer sex using the content under Safer Sex and Safer Sex Techniques on the lefthand side of the page. • Pass out Px Handout 6.1: Sexual Safety Questionnaire and ask Px to spend about 10 minutes completing the questionnaire. 6.1 • Using Trainer's Tool 6.1: Sexual Safety Questionnaire Answer Key, read off the questions and ask Px to give the correct answers. 6.1 • Discuss questions that Px found difficult or answers with which they did not agree. THE RISK GAME (30 MIN.) The trainer should: • Hang up signs labeled HIGH, LOW, and NO RISK on the wall in a row. • Divide Px into 3-4 teams. Pathfinder International 80 Adolescent Curriculum
Module 16/Unit 6 CONTENT Knowledge/Attitudes/Skills Low Risk There are activities that are probably safe, such as masturbating your partner or masturbating together as long as males do not ejaculate near any opening or broken skin on their partners; using a latex condom for every act of sexual intercourse (penis in vagina, penis in rectum, penis in mouth); using a barrier (latex dental dam, a cut-open condom, or plastic wrap) for oral sex on a female or for any mouth to rectum contact. Medium Risk There are activities that carrier some risk, such as introducing an injured finger into the vagina or anus or sharing sexual toys (rubber penis, vibrators) without cleaning them. Oral sex without a latex barrier is risky in terms of HIV, although it carries less risk than unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse. Some STIs, like gonorrhea, are easily passed through oral sex while others, like chlamydia, are not. High Risk There are activities that are very risky because they lead to exposure to the body fluids in which HIV lives. These are having unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse. Dual Protection Dual protection is the consistent use of a male or female condom alone or in combination with a second contraceptive method, such as COCs or DMPA. Often adolescents come to a clinic for contraception and are given a method that protects them only from pregnancy. As providers, we should ensure that all adolescents are using a method or combination of methods that protect them from both Training/Learning Methods (Time Required) • Hand out tape and index cards with different risk behaviors to each group. Each group should get the same number of cards. • Explain to Px that the signs on the wall refer to the different behaviors on the cards. • Instruct Px to place the index cards under the sign that matches the behavior to the level of risk. The level of risk refers to STIs/HIV. • Allow 5-10 minutes for groups to place their index cards under the appropriate risk level. • Reconvene the large group. • Ask Px to review the index cards on the wall and decide if the behaviors are under the appropriate sign. • Use Trainer's Tool 6.2. Answer Key to Risk Game and the content on the left-hand side of the page to correct any mistakes or misunderstandings. 6.2 Ask Px, which behaviors are high risk for both unwanted pregnancy and STI/HIV Ask Px, are there other behaviors that have not been included • Rate any behaviors they suggest. • Conclude by discussing the importance of encouraging the use of dual protection among sexually active adolescents. Pathfinder International 81 Adolescent Curriculum
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Comprehensive Reproductive Health a
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of
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