reproductive health services for adolescents - Pathfinder International

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Module 16/Unit 3 Specific Objective # 1: Discuss psychosocial and behavioral concerns of adolescents CONTENT Knowledge/Attitudes/Skills PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL CONCERNS Certain social relationships and pressures, along with concerns generated by self-perceptions, become very strong during adolescence. These, in turn, have significant influence on sexual decision-making and reproductive health. They include: Gender Roles • Gender roles are masculine or feminine behaviors expressed according to cultural or social customs and norms. • Although boys and girls, worldwide, are treated differently from birth onward, it is during adolescence when gender role differentiation intensifies. • While experiences vary by culture, options, in general, expand for boys and contract for girls. − − Boys achieve more autonomy, mobility, and power, whereas girls tend to get fewer of these privileges and opportunities. Importantly, boys’ power relative to girls’ translates into dominance in sexual decision-making and expression, often leaving girls unable to fully assert their preferences and rights and to protect their health. Training/Learning Methods (Time Required) ROLE PLAY: GENDER ROLES (40 MIN.) Note: In addition to the "Gender Role" discussion, other aspects of psychosocial and behavioral concerns are included in the role play, such as peer relationships/peer pressure, parental relationships, and self-esteem. The trainer should: • Select 6 Px or ask for 6 volunteers (3 women and 3 men) to perform the role play. • Distribute Gender Role Case Studies (Px Handout 3.1). 3.1 • Ask the observers to select one of the case studies (Px Handout 3.1) to be discussed by the actors before the group. (Names can be changed, if desired, to correspond with the culture.) • Ask the women to play the roles of the men and ask the men to play the roles of the women. Px should interpret the roles in the way they want (traditional or otherwise) and be able to rationalize their interpretation. • Encourage actors to choose a more progressive role or a more traditional role. Both will bring out key points and further discussion. Pathfinder International 36 Adolescent Curriculum
Module 16/Unit 3 CONTENT Knowledge/Attitudes/Skills Peer Relationships/Peer Pressure • Adolescents develop very close relationships with their peers, conforming to language, dress, and customs. This helps them feel secure and gives them a sense of belonging to a large group. • Given the significance of peer influence, this power can sway adolescents toward greater or lesser risk-taking. − For example, research has shown that adolescents tend to conform their sexual behavior, including timing of sexual debut and use of contraceptives, to what they perceive their peers are modeling. • Peer pressure, combined with gender inequities within a sexual relationship, can mean that males have undue power to dictate sexual decisions to females. Training/Learning Methods (Time Required) • According to their roles, the actors should discuss/debate the case study for 5-10 minutes (the trainer should decide when the points are sufficiently made). • Ask the actors how they felt about being forced to take on a gender role. • Ask other Px to share what they observed. • Ask the “men” (i.e., the female Px) to name three things that they can no longer do as “men” and three things that they can now do as “men.” • Ask the “women” to name three things that they can no longer do as “women” and three new things that they can do as “women.” • Lead a general discussion about gender roles and their implications for sexual decision-making. Relationships with Parents/Other Adults • During adolescence, relationships with parents become more conflicted as the young person tests limits and moves toward greater independence. • At the same time, parents have significant influence over, and responsibility for, adolescent children. − The impact of parental influence is confirmed by research, as is the influence of other caring adults in young people’s lives; such relationships tend to strengthen adolescents’ resilience and ability to avoid risk-taking behavior. Pathfinder International 37 Adolescent Curriculum
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