Travel in London Travel in London

8.1 Introduction and content .......................................................................... 139
8.2 Key trends – transport connectivity and physical accessibility ................... 139
8.3 Transport connectivity – access to jobs .................................................... 140
8.4 Transport connectivity – access to public transport .................................. 141
8.5 Using PTALs – TfL’s WebCAT tool ........................................................... 144
8.6 Physical accessibility to the transport system ........................................... 148
8.7 Understanding London’s Diverse Communities ......................................... 148
8.8 Action on equality ..................................................................................... 161
9. London’s air quality and greenhouse gas emissions and
transport and public health ............................................................ 163
9.1 Background and content ............................................................................ 163
9.2 Local air quality and greenhouse gas emissions – recent initiatives ........... 163
9.3 Trends in London’s ambient air quality ...................................................... 165
9.4 Greenhouse gas emissions ........................................................................ 167
9.5 Emissions of CO2, PM10 and NOx from ground-based transport in
London ..................................................................................................... 171
9.6 Climate change adaptation and mitigation ................................................. 175
9.7 Improving the health of Londoners – active travel ..................................... 177
10. The London 2012 Games and their legacy – an update ............. 185
10.1 Introduction and content .......................................................................... 185
10.2 The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games ................................... 185
10.3 Socio economic indicators of convergence ............................................... 189
10.4 Travel behaviour change in the Olympic Growth Boroughs ........................ 192
Spotlight topics ........................................................................................... 203
11. Spotlight: How has travel by Londoners changed - insights
from10 years of the London Travel Demand Survey (LTDS) ...... 205
11.1 Brief description of LTDS .......................................................................... 205
11.2 Some topical transport questions .............................................................. 205
11.3 Have there been any substantial changes in the way that Londoners
travel over the last 10 years? ..................................................................... 206
11.4 How has car use by Londoners changed over the past 10 years? .............. 212
11.5 To what extent has increased density in inner London resulted in
different travel trends? .............................................................................. 216
11.6 Are changing working patterns affecting travel demand? ........................... 221
11.7 How are changes in London’s age balance affecting travel demand? ......... 228
11.8 What are the characteristics of walk trips in London? ................................ 234
11.9 How do Londoners travel at the weekend? ............................................... 241
11.10 What has been driving the change in mode share for travel in London? ..... 249
12. Spotlight: The transport challenge of London’s future growth 255
12.1 Introduction and contents ......................................................................... 255
3 Travel in London, Report 8