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Campos de Vetores Polinomiais Planares: Análise ... - Unesp

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Assim,<br />

Ẏ = P Ẋ = P [<br />

1 −1<br />

−2 0<br />

] [<br />

X = P<br />

1 −1<br />

−2 0<br />

] [<br />

P −1 Y =<br />

2 0<br />

0 −1<br />

]<br />

Y.<br />

Logo,<br />

(y 1 (t), y 2 (t)) = (ae 2t , be −t ).<br />

E o fluxo é dado por<br />

( 2x − y<br />

ϕ(t, (x, y)) =<br />

3<br />

ϕ : R × R 2 → R 2<br />

e 2t + x + y<br />

3<br />

e −t , 2x − y<br />

3<br />

e 2t + 2 x + y )<br />

e −t .<br />

3<br />

Figura 1.14: campo e e −t (cost + sent, cost − sent)<br />

2) Consi<strong>de</strong>re o seguinte sistema<br />

Ẋ =<br />

[<br />

0 −2<br />

1 2<br />

]<br />

X.<br />

Seu polinômio característico é dado por p(λ) = λ 2 − 2λ + 2, e as raízes <strong>de</strong>ste polinômio são 1 + i<br />

e 1 − i. O autovetor complexo associado ao autovalor 1 + i é (1 + i, −i).<br />

então<br />

Assim,<br />

Logo,<br />

Consi<strong>de</strong>ramos a base formada pelas partes real e imaginária: B = {(1, 0), (1, −1)}. Temos<br />

Y =<br />

[<br />

Ẏ = P Ẋ = P [<br />

]<br />

[<br />

y 1<br />

= P X = P<br />

y 2<br />

0 −2<br />

1 2<br />

]<br />

X = P<br />

] [<br />

x 1<br />

, P −1 =<br />

x 2<br />

[<br />

0 −2<br />

1 2<br />

]<br />

P −1 Y =<br />

1 1<br />

0 −1<br />

[<br />

]<br />

.<br />

1 −1<br />

1 1<br />

(y 1 (t), y 2 (t)) = (ae t cost − be t sent, be t cost + ae t sent)).<br />

(x 1 (t), x 2 (t)) = ((a + b)e t cost + (a − b)e t sent, −be t cost − ae t sent)<br />

]<br />

Y.<br />

26

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