Encyclopedia of Evolution.pdf - Online Reading Center
Encyclopedia of Evolution.pdf - Online Reading Center
Encyclopedia of Evolution.pdf - Online Reading Center
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440 Index<br />
algae 365, 367<br />
algorithms, evolutionary 151–152<br />
ALH84001 meteorite 260–261,<br />
261, 298<br />
alleles, definition 264<br />
allergies 158–159<br />
allocation <strong>of</strong> resources 239–240<br />
allometry 13–15, 14<br />
adaptation and 3<br />
Flores Island people 164–165<br />
Origin <strong>of</strong> Species (Darwin) 424<br />
allopatric speciation 264, 384<br />
allozymes 321<br />
All Species Foundation 49<br />
Alnus (alder) 222<br />
Alnus maritima (seaside alder)<br />
125–126<br />
Alnus serrulata (hazel alder) 125–<br />
126<br />
alpine tundra 54, 125, 208, 431<br />
Altaic languages 235<br />
Altamira cave (Spain) 102, 103<br />
alternative splicing 293<br />
Altman, Sidney 302<br />
altruism 15–19<br />
Haldane, J. B. S. 186<br />
indirect reciprocity 18<br />
kin selection 16–17<br />
reciprocal 17–18<br />
sexual selection and 18, 212<br />
social insects 16–17<br />
Alu sequences 293<br />
Alvarez, Luis 100<br />
Alvarez, Walter 100<br />
amber 166<br />
Amborella trichopoda 21<br />
Ambulocetus natans 416<br />
American Civil Liberties Union 363<br />
American Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
History 142, 263<br />
amino acids 129, 129t, 134, 279–<br />
280, 299–301<br />
amniotic eggs 346<br />
Amoeba proteus 390<br />
amphibians 19–20, 121, 345<br />
anaerobic conditions 313, 350<br />
anagenesis 253<br />
analogy (analogous) 73, 433<br />
anaphase 265<br />
anapsids 346<br />
anatomy<br />
Cuvier, Georges 105<br />
Dart, Raymond 107<br />
ancestral traits (symplesiomorphy)<br />
72<br />
Anderson, Edgar 204<br />
Andromeda galaxy 405, 407<br />
Angier, Natalie 243<br />
angiosperms 20–22<br />
coevolution with pollinators<br />
78–79<br />
Cretaceous period 101<br />
dinosaurs and 124<br />
MADS genes 118, 120<br />
Origin <strong>of</strong> Species (Darwin) 433<br />
reproductive systems 340,<br />
340–341, 341<br />
tree <strong>of</strong> life 399<br />
angular unconformities 403<br />
animal rights 22–23, 326<br />
Annals <strong>of</strong> the Old Testament,<br />
Deduced from the First Origin <strong>of</strong><br />
the World (Ussher) 7<br />
annelids (Annelida) 220<br />
anole lizard 286<br />
Anomalocaris 65, 65–66, 167<br />
Antarctica 206, 207, 208<br />
Antarctic realm 50, 51m<br />
anthocyanin 27<br />
anthropic principle 23–24, 415<br />
anthropoids 324, 325–326<br />
anthropologists<br />
Dart, Raymond 107<br />
Dubois, Eugène 137–138<br />
Johanson, Donald 227<br />
Leakey, Louis S. B. 236–237<br />
Leakey, Mary 237<br />
Leakey, Richard 237–239<br />
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre 395<br />
antibiotic resistance 158, 197–198,<br />
347–348<br />
antievolutionism and<br />
antienvironmentalism xiv–xv<br />
antioxidants 244<br />
antlers 375<br />
Antp gene 118, 119t, 120<br />
ants<br />
agriculture and 8, 92<br />
dominant female reproductive<br />
systems 91<br />
emergence 143<br />
invasive species 217, 416<br />
kin selection 16–17<br />
mutualism 83<br />
Origin <strong>of</strong> Species (Darwin) 428<br />
Wilson, Edward O. 417–418<br />
The Ants (Wilson, Hölldobler) 416<br />
Apatosaurus (formerly<br />
Brontosaurus) 123<br />
apes 325–326. See also primates<br />
apicoplasts 390<br />
ApoE gene 157<br />
apomixis 203, 223, 385<br />
appendixes 410<br />
appetite 46<br />
Archaean Eon (Era) 174, 324<br />
archaebacteria (archaea) 24–25,<br />
37–39, 249<br />
extraterrestrial life 297<br />
photosynthesis 313<br />
tree <strong>of</strong> life 399<br />
Woese, Carl 419<br />
Archaeopteryx 25, 25–26, 62, 274,<br />
304<br />
Archaeoraptor lianingensis 61<br />
Archaeosperma 182<br />
archosaurs 346<br />
Arctic Ocean 206, 207<br />
arctic tundra 54, 125<br />
Ardipithecus ramidus 32<br />
Ardrey, Robert 32<br />
“Are Humans Alone in the<br />
Universe” (essay) 297–299<br />
argument from design 97, 109,<br />
286–287. See also intelligent<br />
design theory<br />
argument from personal omniscience<br />
214<br />
Aristotle 1<br />
Arizona<br />
Barrington Crater 28, 29<br />
San Francisco Mountains 54<br />
Arkansas, teaching evolution in 362<br />
Armageddon (film) 28<br />
Armbruster, W. Scott 71<br />
Arrhenius, Svante 298<br />
Arsuaga, Juan Luis 192<br />
art<br />
Cro-Magnon 102, 102–103,<br />
103, 238–239<br />
H. heidelbergensis 193<br />
Homo sapiens 187, 194, 195<br />
Neandertals 289<br />
sexual selection and 212<br />
arthropods 65, 65, 220, 400–401,<br />
401<br />
artificial selection 26–27, 27, 281,<br />
422<br />
Asclepias (milkweed) 77