Encyclopedia of Evolution.pdf - Online Reading Center
Encyclopedia of Evolution.pdf - Online Reading Center
Encyclopedia of Evolution.pdf - Online Reading Center
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456 Index<br />
MADS genes 118, 120<br />
Magnolia 279<br />
maize (corn, Zea mays) 27, 160<br />
Majerus, Michael 309<br />
malaria 39, 157<br />
The Malay Archipelago (Wallace)<br />
413<br />
male brooding 345<br />
Malthus, Thomas 111, 154–155,<br />
254<br />
mammals (Mammalia) 255, 255–<br />
257. See also specific mammals<br />
adaptive radiation 6<br />
dispersal <strong>of</strong> 52–53<br />
marsupial 52–53, 91, 242,<br />
256–257, 414<br />
placental 52–53, 91, 242, 256–<br />
257, 414<br />
Pleistocene extinction 317–318,<br />
317t, 318t<br />
primates 129–131, 241t,<br />
324–326<br />
Wallace, Alfred Russel 414<br />
maniraptorans 124<br />
Mansell, Henry L. 155<br />
Manson asteroid impact (Iowa) 29<br />
Man’s Place in Nature (Huxley,<br />
Thomas Henry) 201<br />
Mantell, Gideon 304<br />
many fathers theory 345<br />
maple spanworm moth<br />
(Prochoerodes tranversata) 273<br />
Marburger, John H., III 216<br />
Margulis, Lynn xv, 257, 257–258<br />
bacteria 198<br />
Gaia hypothesis 169, 170<br />
nuclear membrane 149<br />
on sexual fusion 373<br />
symbiogenesis 215, 257–258,<br />
278, 388–389, 391<br />
Marianas Trench 316<br />
markers 258–259, 333<br />
Mars 180, 259–261, 260, 298<br />
Marsh, Othniel Charles 122, 201<br />
Marshall, Diane 378<br />
marsupial mammals 52–53, 91,<br />
242, 256–257, 414<br />
Martin, Paul 80, 81–82<br />
Martin, Robert A. 20<br />
Mason, John 141–142<br />
mass extinctions 261–262, 261t<br />
asteroids and comets 28<br />
biodiversity and 46–47, 48t<br />
Cretaceous 99–100<br />
humans and sixth mass<br />
extinction 311–312<br />
Ordovician period 295<br />
Permian 309–312<br />
Pleistocene extinction 317–318,<br />
317t, 318t<br />
mast seeding 78<br />
mate preferences 382–383<br />
mathematician (Fisher, R. A.) 161–<br />
162<br />
matrix 165<br />
matter, cycling <strong>of</strong> 57, 140<br />
Maupertuis, Pierre 267<br />
Mawsonites 141<br />
May, Robert M. 48, 372<br />
Mayer, August 288<br />
Mayer, Hermann von 25<br />
Maynard Smith, John 262–263,<br />
302<br />
Mayr, Ernst 263, 263–264<br />
definition <strong>of</strong> life 56<br />
natural selection 281, 421<br />
Spencer, Herbert 388<br />
tenets <strong>of</strong> evolution 150, 151<br />
McManamin, Mark 142<br />
McNair, M. R. 378<br />
McPhee, John 7<br />
Mead, Margaret 383<br />
meadow vole (Microtus<br />
pensylvanicus) 47<br />
Meaning <strong>of</strong> <strong>Evolution</strong> (Simpson)<br />
379<br />
measurable phenomena 358<br />
meat consumption 187, 190, 192,<br />
289<br />
Medawar, Peter 243, 245, 361<br />
medicine, evolutionary 76, 156–<br />
159<br />
meiosis 264–266, 265, 269<br />
meiotic drive 368<br />
Melaleuca quinquinervia 217, 218<br />
melatonin 41<br />
memes 116<br />
Mencken, H. L. 362<br />
Mendel, Gregor 122, 266–268, 267<br />
Mendelian genetics 268–271, 269.<br />
See also modern synthesis<br />
effect <strong>of</strong> linked traits 270–271<br />
environment and inheritance<br />
268<br />
Fisher, R. A. 161<br />
Mendelian ratio 269<br />
menopause 243, 246<br />
Mercury, atmosphere <strong>of</strong> 180<br />
Merezhkovsky, Konstantin S. 388<br />
Merychippus 199<br />
Mesohippus 199<br />
Mesolithic Age 393<br />
Mesopotamia 9, 10<br />
Mesosaurus 84, 85m<br />
Mesozoic era 175, 182, 256, 271–<br />
272<br />
messenger RNA 134<br />
metallic (M-type) asteroids 28<br />
metamorphic rocks 165<br />
metaphase 265<br />
meteorites 260–261, 261, 299, 404<br />
methane<br />
Gaia hypothesis 169<br />
greenhouse effect 179<br />
origin <strong>of</strong> life 300<br />
Permian extinction 311<br />
methanogens 24, 419<br />
methylation 134–135<br />
micelles 302<br />
microbiologist (Woese, Carl) 418–<br />
419<br />
microcephaly 165<br />
microevolution 253–254<br />
microsatellites (short segment<br />
repeats) 293<br />
microspores 370<br />
Microtus ochrogaster (prairie vole)<br />
47<br />
Microtus pensylvanicus (meadow<br />
vole) 47<br />
microwave radiation 406<br />
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 86, 87, 315–<br />
316, 316m<br />
Middle East, evolution <strong>of</strong> agriculture<br />
9–10<br />
mid-ocean ridges 86, 87, 315–316,<br />
316m<br />
Milanković, Milutin 205–206<br />
Milanković cycle 205–206, 206<br />
milkweed (Asclepias) 77<br />
Milky Way galaxy 297, 407<br />
Miller, Ge<strong>of</strong>frey 18, 211–212, 234<br />
Miller, Hugh 70, 95<br />
Miller, Stanley 214, 272, 272–273,<br />
300–301, 398<br />
mimicry 273, 273–274<br />
Batesian 40, 274<br />
camouflage 273, 273<br />
Müllerian 44, 273