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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Evolution
- Page 5 and 6: Encyclopedia of Evolution Copyright
- Page 8 and 9: Contents Foreword ix Acknowledgment
- Page 10: Foreword The theory and facts of ev
- Page 14 and 15: IntroduCtIon What you do not know a
- Page 16: other issues coming along with it.
- Page 20 and 21: adaptation Adaptation is the fit of
- Page 22 and 23: from the allometric patterns of gro
- Page 24 and 25: considered as an example. (The taxo
- Page 26 and 27: English) were a resounding success,
- Page 28 and 29: Some Centers of the Evolution of Ag
- Page 30 and 31: helps the DNA insert into the host
- Page 32 and 33: Even within a single patient, HIV e
- Page 34 and 35: then into the insect body; carbon d
- Page 36 and 37: chromosomes (they are diploid) whil
- Page 38 and 39: genetic basis. About 35,000 years a
- Page 40 and 41: emained dormant and sprouted after
- Page 42 and 43: Further Reading Wise, Steven M. Rat
- Page 44 and 45: Because the DNA of many archaebacte
- Page 46 and 47: Koi and goldfish have been bred tha
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- Page 50 and 51: y a silent wall of darkness advanci
- Page 52 and 53: Skeleton of “Lucy,” the Austral
- Page 56 and 57: acteria, evolution of Of all the ce
- Page 58 and 59: found in eukaryotic cells are both
- Page 60 and 61: down the dark side of the stem, cau
- Page 62 and 63: under natural conditions. A learned
- Page 64 and 65: How Much Do Genes Control Human Beh
- Page 66 and 67: Brain structure. The brain influenc
- Page 68 and 69: The number of species that can exis
- Page 70 and 71: A map showing the approximate exten
- Page 72 and 73: ern continents, and they remained l
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- Page 76 and 77: Since organisms must bring molecule
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- Page 80 and 81: ody and require a large breastbone
- Page 82 and 83: F (from among the raptors), which c
- Page 84 and 85: Burgess shale deposit. He hastily g
- Page 86 and 87: Cambrian explosion The Cambrian per
- Page 88 and 89: Marine life. All modern groups of m
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- Page 92 and 93: • A cladistic analysis of vertebr
- Page 94 and 95: The flowering plants (angiosperms)
- Page 96 and 97: to detoxify them, because the toxin
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continental drift
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the northern continents were united
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as deposits of a single gigantic fl
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eye similar to that of vertebrates.
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uses a mutant form of lysozyme to d
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system called “baraminology” (f
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animal would have held insufficient
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Further Reading American Scientific
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Mesozoic era (see geological time s
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The Venus of Willendorf, a limeston
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languages of the immigrants. One of
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Dart, Raymond (1893-1988) South Afr
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Charles Darwin at his home, circa 0
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while embracing evolutionary scienc
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Eiseley, Loren. Darwin’s Century:
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Beak depth (from the top of the bea
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the gene-culture coevolution propos
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The Hox genes of the fruit fly corr
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Pole, were cold. Some researchers h
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would have become so great that the
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another, and this generally cannot
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DNA (evidence for evolution) DNA is
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Amino Acid Similarities among Verte
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DNA comparisons between humans and
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DNA is an extremely long molecule t
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Methylation can have lifelong effec
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diately afterward, he attended the
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ecology Ecology is the study of the
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and continues making that ecologica
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Further Reading Eldredge, Niles, an
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aise for our own purposes. Such is
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ity—beautiful and strong bodies,
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It is not clear what kind of eubact
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chromosomes die when the cells die.
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existed in the immediate ancestors
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lution: Populations always surpass
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evolutionary insights, according to
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cially the IgE immunoglobulins) res
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Fisher, R. A. (1890-1962) British M
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fitness See natural selection. Fitz
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of some H. erectus. This suggests t
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It is usually easy to tell which st
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Gaia hypothesis The Gaia hypothesis
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A map of the Galápagos Islands, of
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though the eugenics to which Galton
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• Proterozoic Eon (“earlier lif
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marine environment of the Cambrian
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In the 20th century, many creationi
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for example behavior patterns that
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plants. One member of this group is
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with his
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Homo antecessor Hominin evolution o
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0 Homo ergaster Stone tools. Like e
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Homo heidelbergensis H. habilis was
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Homo rudolfensis This harpoon tip,
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Hooker, Joseph Dalton to be inferio
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horizontal gene transfer out to be
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00 Huxley, Julian S. ited property.
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0 hybridization Examples of Intersp
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0 hybridization Three species of mu
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0 ice ages modern computer at least
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0 ice ages The vast amounts of wate
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0 intelligence, evolution of taken
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intelligence, evolution of hunting,
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intelligent design However, ID theo
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intelligent design with evolution,
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invertebrates, evolution of Unable
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0 island biogeography Protostomes v
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isolating mechanisms from one anoth
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isotopes lar to them. Traits that e
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isotopes food in developed countrie
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Kelvin, Lord (1824-1907) British Ph
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Laetoli footprints See australopith
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• Mutation of the FOXP2 gene impa
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Humans spread all over the world fr
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allowed Louis and Mary Leakey to co
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anamensis in 1995, and Kenyanthropu
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since their tiny seeds could not gr
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• Fitness risks. By repressing th
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nerve cells—the very specializati
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Williams, George C. “Pleiotropy,
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• Orders that evolved most recent
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(a) (b) Some modern species closely
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macroevolution Macroevolution refer
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mammals, evolution of The Class Mam
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pials successfully moved northward,
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high priest, Aaron, brother of Mose
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A scanning electron micrograph from
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• Application of mathematical pri
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of the alleles that the organism re
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ish priest but was not successful;
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was dominant and hid the white trai
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allele, if crossing over occurred i
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an experiment that would delay the
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A skull found at Petralona in Greec
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Fossil Hominin Skulls Intermediate
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will eventually be separated by cro
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Nariokotome skeleton See Homo ergas
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poem before Darwin wrote his book.)
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example of frequency-dependent sele
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very popular. Paley published Reaso
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features listed above. It is assume
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neoteny Neoteny is the retention of
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noncoding DNA. Noncoding DNA is pop
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Ordovician period The Ordovician pe
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Are Humans Alone in the Universe? W
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• Chemical composition of the Ear
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oth may have been a chemical wonder
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Montagu said, “Next to the Bible,
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Paleolithic See technology. paleoma
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more common in polluted regions has
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induction, not only was it not caus
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an out of oxygen, and the landscape
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make food using carbon dioxide (CO
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sils. When he inquired again, they
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earthquakes are a welcome process t
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• Individuals within a population
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mutations can occur in buds. A bran
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the allele will decline to a freque
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• Depth perception. Primates have
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complex organisms came into existen
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teeth. They were not mouse teeth, b
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tools. The brains of Homo ergaster
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quantitative trait loci Quantitativ
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adiometric dating Radiometric datin
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that the human embryo actually goes
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paintings resemble what people at t
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own cones, from which the seeds are
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Two different hypothetical Bateman
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Other reproductive and related acti
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chemical spraying the weaker member
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Many insect species are now becomin
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dioxide, which diffuses into the en
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Sahelanthropus • Nuclear winter.
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scientific method hypotheses one ca
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scientific method water on entire m
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0 scientific method scientific rese
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Scopes Trial The two principal figu
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seedless plants, evolution of the h
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selfish genetic elements during the
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selfish genetic elements Sex chromo
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0 sex, evolution of tures; the micr
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sex, evolution of biologist George
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sexual selection more offspring, th
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sexual selection Because, in these
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sexual selection through this tube
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0 Smith, William ———. Tempo a
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social behavior social behavior See
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solar system ———. On Human Na
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speciation Ensatina eschscholtzii i
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statistics within countries, and th
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0 symbiogenesis like ciliated or fl
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taxonomy See cladistics; Linnaean s
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Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre (1881-1
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The Second Law A simplified version
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Thomson, William See Kelvin, Lord.
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Trilobites (such as this Phacops ra
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0 uniformitarianism layers up and o
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0 universe, origin of Yes, the univ
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vestigial characteristics Vestigial
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ability. In fact, some transposons
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Wallace, Alfred Russel knew they wo
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Wilson, Edward O. This would, howev
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Woese, Carl R. sociobiology provide
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0 Wright, Sewall the USDA, studying
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422 appendix with those (admittedly
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424 appendix Second, individuals ma
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426 appendix Why, on the theory of
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428 appendix when young and blind,
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430 appendix chapter 11. On the geo
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432 appendix freshwater habitats se
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434 appendix same butterfly species
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Further resources further reaDing:
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440 Index algae 365, 367 algorithms
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442 Index biochemist Miller, Stanle
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444 Index choanocyte cells 143, 219
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446 Index Darwin, Charles (continue
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448 Index endoplasmic reticulum 409
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450 Index frequency-dependent selec
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452 Index Heterocephalus glaber (na
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454 Index internal stimuli 41 inter
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456 Index MADS genes 118, 120 Magno
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458 Index Native Americans (continu
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460 Index parent-offspring conflict
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462 Index races (continued) Linnaeu
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464 Index Shapley, Harlow 405 share
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466 Index teeth (continued) size of
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468 Index Wonderful Life (Gould) 66