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454 WIGHTS AND ELVES.
participial ending. Alfr, Gandcilfr, and Vinddlfr place the con
nexion of elves and dwarfs beyond doubt. Ai occurs twice,
and seems to mean avus, as in Sasm. 100a ; Finnr and r
Billing
are like the heroes names discussed on pp. 373, 380. Nyr, and
Niffi, Nyr and Nyrdcfr have reference to phases of the moon s
light; a few other names will be touched upon later. In Seem.
45 b and Sn. 48. 130 all dwarfs are said to be Ivalda synir/
sons of Ivaldi, and he seems identical with the elvish Ivaldr,
father of I/Sunn, Seem. 89% just as Folkvaldr and Folkvaldi (AS.
Folcwealda), Domvaldr and D6mvaldi = Dornaldi, are used in
differently. Ivaldr answers to the Dan. Evald and our Ewald,
a rare name in the older documents : we know the two St.
Ewalds (niger et albus) who were martyred in the elder Pipings
time (695) and buried at Cologne, but were of English origin.
Beda 5, 10 spells it Hewald, and the AS. transl. Hedwold (see
Suppl.).
Of the dwellings of light elves in heaven the folk-tales have
no longer anything to tell ; the more frequently do they de
scribe those of dwarfs in the rifts and caves of the mountains.
Hence the AS. names bergcelfen, duncelfen, muntcelfen.
ec for ior& neftan, a ec undr steini sta$/ I dwell underneath
ON. (
b$-
the earth, I have under stone my stead, Saem. 48 a . dvergr sat
undir steininum Yngl. saga, cap. 15.
f
bua i idrffii, oc
dvergar
are names of noble
% steinum Sn. 15. Elbenstein, Elphinstone,
families, see Elwenstein, Weisth. 1, 4. In the Netherlands
the hills
containing sepulchral urns are vulgarly denominated
alfenbergen (Belg. mus. 5, 64). Treasures lie hidden in graves
as they do in the abodes of elves, and the dead are subterraneans
as these are. And that is why dwarfs are called erdmannlein,
erdmanneken, in Switzerland hdrdmandle, sometimes even unter-
They scamper over moss and fell,
wilden
1
irdische, Dan. underjordiske.
and are not exhausted : by climbing steep precipices den
1 I cannot yet make out the name arweggers, by which the earth-men are called
up in Kinderm. 2, 163-4. [erd-wihte? v. ar- for erd-, p. 467, 1. 3 ; and ice/jlin, p. 449] .
The ON. drvakr is hardly the same (see Suppl.). In Pruss. Samogitia do underhordschkes
; the tales about them carefully collected by Reusch, no. 48-59. The
Wends of Liineburg called subterranean spirits gorzoni (hill-manuikins, fr. gora,
hill), and the hills they haunted are still shown. When they wished to borrow
baking utensils of men, they gave a sign without being seen, and people placed
them outside the door for them. In the evening they brought them back, knocking
at the window and adding a loaf by way of thanks (Jugler s Worterb.). The Esthonian
mythology also has its subterraneans (ma allused, under ground).