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700 SKY AND STAES.<br />

Beow. 1713; under swegle (sub coelo), Beow. 2149; sweglrad<br />

OS. suigli.<br />

I call attention to the AS. sceldbyrig, Cgedm. 283, 23, which<br />

(coeli currus), Cod. exon. 355, 47 ;<br />

has no business to be translated refugium or sheltering c<strong>it</strong>y ;<br />

distinctly our schildburg (aula clypeis tecta),<br />

<strong>it</strong> is<br />

a b<strong>it</strong> of heathenism<br />

the poet let fall inadvertently ; so the Bdda speaks of Valholl<br />

as skioldum J?6kt, lagt gyltum skioldum, sva sem span]?ak/ Sn. 2,<br />

thatched w<strong>it</strong>h golden shields as w<strong>it</strong>h shingle-roof (p. 702 and<br />

Suppl.).<br />

Eddie names in Sgem. 49 b . Sn. 177; all masculine, some<br />

obviously founded on personification. Heaven is pictured as<br />

a husband, embracing the female earth ; he is not however<br />

adm<strong>it</strong>ted into the circle of the gods, like Ovpavbs, whereas Earth<br />

does stand among the goddesses.<br />

a certain space, the residence of<br />

To us heaven signifies simply<br />

gods. Two poetic names for<br />

<strong>it</strong> have reference to that enigmatical being Mimir (p. 379) :<br />

hreggmimir, rain-shedder, from hregg imber ; and vetmimir,<br />

moistener ? conf. vaeta humor.<br />

To express star, constellation (sidus), our older speech, in<br />

add<strong>it</strong>ion to stairno, sterno, steorra, stiarna (Gramm. 3, 392) and<br />

OHG. himilzeichan (Hymn. 4, 2), has a symbolical term, OHG.<br />

OS. himiltungal, Hel.<br />

himilzunga, Diut. 1, 526 b and Gl. Doc. 249 ;<br />

18, 2; AS. heofontungol, rodortungol ; ON. himintungl. Even<br />

the simple tungol has the same sense in AS., and a Gothic gloss<br />

on Gal. 4, 3, gives tuggl astrum/ whilst in ON. tungl means the<br />

moon. This neuter noun tungal, tungol, tungl, is no doubt from<br />

tunga (lingua), which word <strong>it</strong>self appears in OHG. himilzunga<br />

(Graff 5, 682) : the moon and some of the planets, when partially<br />

illuminated, do present the appearance of a tongue or a sickle,<br />

and very likely some cosmogonic belief 1<br />

was engrafted on that ;<br />

I know of nothing like <strong>it</strong> in other languages.<br />

All the heavenly bodies have particular spots, seats, chairs<br />

assigned them, which they make their abode and resting-place ;<br />

they have their lodges and stages (sterrono girusti, 0. i. 17, 10).<br />

This- 1<br />

holds especially of the sun, who daily sinks into his seat<br />

A translation of the tongue to heaven. Or was the twinkling of the stars<br />

likened to a tingling [ziingeln, a quivering nickering motion like that of the<br />

tongue]? The moon s steady light does not bear that out, nor the OHG. form<br />

w<strong>it</strong>hout the I.

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