Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel [1998] for strategic management to entrepreneurship. This approach, as is discussed later, had limited results. Graphic 3g A sample of seeking an ontological guide using the reference location in the citing journals 3.2.5.07 Subsequently I ventured, using Formal Concepts Analysis, into developing a graphic representation of what, based on the information from the episteme and the aliran, the ‘heffalump’ of entrepreneurship might look like. As discussed in section 4.2, this provided a representation of the spatiality but missed the aspects of gravitas and of time. 3.2.5.08 Given the limitations on presenting three dimensional mode ls as discussed earlier I was getting increasingly frustrated as to finding justification for the identification 136
of sub-aliran and suitable presentation methods. However the development of the heffalump described above began to suggest an approach that did not involve slotting articles into a sub-aliran or ontology, that had proved difficult. The representation of the heffalump suggested that it may be the attempt to slot the articles into an ontology that was problematic, whereas what may be feasible was instead positioning the article in relationship to the interstices between the ontologies. Given the model developed in Graphic 2h the more subjective nature of the discipline meant that the ontologies were not strongly defined and the relationship of the sub-aliran together with the interstices suggested a different approach. This approach was undertaken and the results generated are discussed in the third chapter to the following Part Four on Empirics. The method in this approach involved reviewing the 476 texts and articles in the aliran and is described in section 4.2.3.06. 3.2.5.08 Part of the hermeneutic app roach that is developed in Part Four is determining the level of overt construction in the various sub-aliran that I am taking to be the ontologies in the discipline. As Schmidt [2006, p102] discusses: “The task of hermeneutic understanding is to differentiate the legitimate prejudices from all of the illegitimate ones that need to be criticized and dropped”. Once I had resolved the issues of ontological ide nt ification through greater use of the interstices then such process of differentiation became substantially easier. The heffalump mode l I developed became something of a basis against which such construction could be compared to determine overt-ness. The results of the hermeneutic examination, as will be discussed in Part Four, did reveal some weaknesses in the heffalump model that meant that the model did need to be revised. These revisions, as will be discussed in Part Five, did actually contribute to a greater unde rstanding of the value of the heffalump mode l and its application to the evolution of the discipline. 137
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Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
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2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
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Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
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Abstract In this study, I consider
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others), this finding should not be
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ehabilitated version of prejudice.
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1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
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The suggestion herein is that merel
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Nietzsche it comes to Foucault’s
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introduced in the next section). I
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1.2.03 This structure of this chapt
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1.2.1.07 In this dissertation I am
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1.2.3.01 Taking a n alternative int
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1.3 Positionality 1.3.00 By conduct
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dominate our world” [Rabinow, 199
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1.4 Structure of this dissertation
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arise if the construction of the di
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without any reference to epistemic
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2.1.1.06 The difference between an
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2.1.1.11 Smith [2003], comments tha
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2.1.2.03 Husserl used the term ‘i
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2.1.2.12 However I believe that it
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truth. ….. My problem is roughly
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The division between true and false
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have become a tool used in the exer
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2.1.4.05 Conformity to form is a in
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ejecting or accepting articles for
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Graphic 2c Foucault’s Triangle -
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[Foucault, 1980, p93]. If for some
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2.2.2.03 External to bot h the disc
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Foucault’s eventual reply to Gros
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Graphic 2d Model B - Depicting four
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In short, there is a problem of the
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Graphic 2e Model B - Including effe
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2.3.2.03 In Model B in Graphic 2e t
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While Foucault [2004] does, in The
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2.3.3.10 Given Leibniz’s ideas on
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2.4 Ontologies 2.4.1 Ontologies as
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ontologies, without such a simplist
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of the epistemology followed, e.g.
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thematic conceptualisation, or as p
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Graphic 2i Model H3 - Showing the l
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does discuss the various failings o
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primary power have, a tertiary powe
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2.5. Analysing the Discipline of En
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• being apparent in the perceived
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mass and it would appear that it wa
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Page 102 and 103: 2.5.2.2.06 O’Connor, Cherry and B
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Page 118 and 119: is being discussed is epistemically
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Page 122 and 123: delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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Page 138 and 139: 3.2.1.05 However, a closer look at
Page 140 and 141: Graphic 3a Bar chart of numbers of
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Page 146 and 147: 3.2.3.02 b. 3.2.3.04 Graphic 3f is
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Page 174 and 175: Graphic Eight expressions of what
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Page 184 and 185: 4.3.4 Behaviouralism and methodolog
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Page 192 and 193: Graphic 4m Zahra’s influence on t
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4.3.6.3.01 In section 2.5.1.05 I di
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governance of venture capital or ga
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limited. Senge’s [1990] (20) text
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narrower orientation of the firm or
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on learning by ‘the firm’ where
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ut also the degree of ‘being entr
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Graphic 4s The small business sub-a
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Graphic 4t LIGHT 1979 BORJAS 1986 R
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4.3.10 Ethnic / immigrant sub-alira
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ZHOU 1992 LIGHT 1995 PORTES 1995 BA
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entrepreneurship is not defined by
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Barney, 2004; Hitt, Ireland, Camp &
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4.3.11.07 The reason that the strat
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individual domains, thus bringing i
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entrepreneur to the firm, while Cha
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• A greater emphasis between new-
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5.1.09 A fascinating aspect of this
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Graphic 5b Three dimensional positi
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study (addressing the introverted a
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the discipline is indeed dubious ma
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5.3.03 What has fur ther emerged fr
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1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
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DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
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COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
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WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
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DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
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CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
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KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
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HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
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PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
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LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
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References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
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from a process study, Management Sc
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Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y. and Ma
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Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
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Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
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Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
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Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
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Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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