Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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In short, there is a problem of the regime, the politics of the scientific statement [p112]. The governing regime of the discipline, or the gatekeepers, restrict episteme and the acceptability of knowledge into the disciplines; Foucault sees suc h restriction as an issue where discontinuities arise. It is possible that the restrictions placed upon the episteme by the gatekeepers keep out knowledge that ‘should’ be part the discipline. Somehow when this knowledge is eventually accepted it causes a sudden change in the discipline – something akin to Schumpeter’s ‘clusters’ of innovations. 2.3.1.02 In section 2.2.3.07 the issue was raised of an author having a high level of gravitas being able to have articles accepted by the discipline. The implication was that this acceptance was due to the high level of gravitas and that a similar submission by an aut hor with lesser gravitas might not have had their work accepted. This was also mentioned by Judge et al [2007], cited in section 2.1.4.03 above. In section 2.1.3.06 the metal pendulum was used to describe the possible movement between Right and Truth Effects that could delineate the boundary between discourse and discipline. The two ideas are connected in that the acceptance by the discipline of this, previously unaccepted, knowledge moves the pendulum and accordingly the boundary between discipline and discourse expands outwards, enlargening the discipline. This movement is due to the force of the gravitas magnetically pulling on the pendulum, thus figuratively expanding the boundary of the discipline. Exclusionary resistance, from the gatekeepers, is a countering force. 2.3.1.03 It was the work of Leibniz in the seventeenth century who applied the emerging laws of physics to laws of metaphysics. The distinction be tween force and quantity of mot ion, is rather impor tant, not onl y in physics and mechanics, in order to find the true laws of nature and rules of motion ….. , but also in metaphysics, in order to understand the principles better [Leibniz, 1991, p 20]. 56
2.3.1.04 As much as the physical laws control the motion of planetary bodies and the flow of tides, the same, according to Leibniz, can be said of metaphysical principles of ideas and knowledge. Whether it is the force of the gravitas that has moved the discipline into acceptance or the attraction of the gravitas has made the knowledge more acceptable to the discipline and by including the previously unaccepted knowledge the discipline seeks to enlarge its own gravitas, is a moot point. Whether the exclus ionary forces of the academic gatekeepers are greater than the gravitas of the author offering the unaccepted knowledge is anot her conside ration. What would happen if the unaccepted knowledge did not acquire the patronage of an author with sufficient gravitas to make it become acceptable? Would the unaccepted knowledge eventually find its way into the discipline or would it, due to the exclusionary resistance experienced, find its way into another discipline? As discussed in section 2.1.4.10, the question of who decides the parameters of acceptability maybe abo ut what has been constructed by the discipline through its natural genesis and evolut ion, as abo ut what has be en attempt ed to be constructed by those in the discipline. The interplay of gravitas and exclusionary forces may be the deciding aspect. 2.3.1.05 It is possible to visualise disciplines along the same lines as planetary bod ies, or magnetized bodies, each with their powers to attract or reject, to move, subject to forces acting on them. Model B, in Graphic 2e, shows the possible influence of other disciplines on the Model A. Discipline B is a discipline that shows some compatibility with the original discipline. For example, the discipline of economics has some compatibility with entrepreneurship as does the discipline of sociology. This compatibility does tend to discount the relevancy of the Cartesian definition of substance (as discussed in 2.1.2.04) as that ‘which depends on no other for its own existence’ to a discipline. It is unlikely that a discipline has sufficient measure of substance to stand by itself. However, as per Leibniz, it is not necessary for something to have substance to have force. 57
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Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
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2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
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Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
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Abstract In this study, I consider
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others), this finding should not be
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ehabilitated version of prejudice.
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1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
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Page 50 and 51: truth. ….. My problem is roughly
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discourse-objects as discussed in s
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delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Position Stat
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collection process which provided a
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in ‘horses for courses’ or, to
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work. However, it may be that for a
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Philosophy ….. does not consist i
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could be termed cross or inter-disc
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3.2 Data Collection Processes / Met
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3.2.1.05 However, a closer look at
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Graphic 3a Bar chart of numbers of
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collective 13,000 citations accordi
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chronological sequence. This gave a
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3.2.3.02 b. 3.2.3.04 Graphic 3f is
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e) Some dual or more articles by on
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Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel [1
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Part Four: Empirics 4.1 Interpretat
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4.1.1.02 The first interesting prel
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number of mis-spellings and errors
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Vo lu me: 34 Issue: 1 1956 20. Jour
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4.1.3.02 The top 21 journals listed
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various journals in Graphic 4a, whi
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4.1.4.01 One important piece of val
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epresentationality of the disciplin
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4.2.1.02 Yet for ‘a rich field of
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some one decides in a planned manne
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4.2.3.03 I developed eight expressi
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Graphic Eight expressions of what
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4.3 The 87,060 aliran of entreprene
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in France in the 18 th and 19 th ce
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said that the seeds of genesis for
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develop ment of the discipline. Inn
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4.3.4 Behaviouralism and methodolog
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4.3.5 Innovation sub-aliran - a nat
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provided by Teece. A slightly diffe
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innovation being correlated to a fi
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Graphic 4m Zahra’s influence on t
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4.3.6.2 New Ventures and Corporate
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Grousbeck VENTURE entrepreneur: TSA
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construct a greater corporate orien
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4.3.6.3.01 In section 2.5.1.05 I di
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governance of venture capital or ga
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limited. Senge’s [1990] (20) text
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narrower orientation of the firm or
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on learning by ‘the firm’ where
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ut also the degree of ‘being entr
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Graphic 4s The small business sub-a
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Graphic 4t LIGHT 1979 BORJAS 1986 R
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4.3.10 Ethnic / immigrant sub-alira
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ZHOU 1992 LIGHT 1995 PORTES 1995 BA
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entrepreneurship is not defined by
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Barney, 2004; Hitt, Ireland, Camp &
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4.3.11.07 The reason that the strat
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individual domains, thus bringing i
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entrepreneur to the firm, while Cha
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• A greater emphasis between new-
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5.1.09 A fascinating aspect of this
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Graphic 5b Three dimensional positi
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study (addressing the introverted a
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the discipline is indeed dubious ma
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5.3.03 What has fur ther emerged fr
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1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
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DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
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COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
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WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
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DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
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CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
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KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
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HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
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PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
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LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
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References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
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from a process study, Management Sc
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Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y. and Ma
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Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
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Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
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Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
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Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
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Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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