Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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study (addressing the introverted as discussed in section 4.3.8.3.06) may need to be taken in the fut ure and these may need to overcome the problems of disciplinary inclus ions and exclusions. 5.2.05 Yes, I would still agree with Low [2001] that the discipline is still in its adolescence. But this is more in the way of a wilful teen, eager, maybe too full of itself, and yet to learn from the savoir experiences available to it. I have the opinion, particularly reinforced from the emergence of the revised heffalump model, that the direction being taken by the discipline is probably moving in the right direction. Whether it has pa ssed Foucault’s point of epistemologization is still indeterminate. 5.2.06 I do believe that there needs to be a greater awareness within the discipline of the relative aspects of ontology, epistemology and gravitas and how these app ly to the development of the discipline of entrepreneurship. I do also be lieve that disseminating this dissertation into the connaissance knowledge of the discipline could assist in this objective. 5.2.07 From the aliran is it possible to infer that the ‘being’ of entrepreneurship has been clarified? My answer is ‘No’. I do not believe that the discipline could pass Heidegger’s ontological test, at this point in time. While I am able, in this research, to identify the ontologies from the sub-aliran, even though some of the more extroverted sub- aliran may fall into several ontologies, I do not believe that it is possible to really clarify, from the aliran, the being of entrepreneurship. The elephant is still a heffalump, due in part, I believe, to a lack of objectivity and also a lack of connection to the savoir. Low and MacMillan [1998, p146], advised scholars in entrepreneurship that "the field will be better served in the future if the issue of theoretical perspective is addressed directly and unstated assumptions avoided". This lack of objectivity has not been to the benefit of the discipline. The aspects of gravitas as discussed in section 2.4.3 are apparently significant in the discipline and as suggested from the aliran, in some cases, such gravitas has been misplaced. 222
5.2.08 The ‘being’ of entrepreneurship is still not clear; my own savoir issues of prob lem – solving (addressed in section 1.3.02); Amoore’s [2004] worker entrepreneur (addressed in section 4.3.10.06); and from the aliran; introverted corporate ontologies (that suggest a conflict in delineation with management discipline); overt construction of some ontologies; soft subjects of study in ethnic / immigrant ontologies; and the yet-to-be realized potential of strategic entrepreneurship. These findings indicate that, even though the discipline is on the right track, there is still more work to be done before the ontological being of entrepreneurship could be considered to be clarified, and the discipline could be considered to have passed Foucault’s point of epistemologization. 5.2.09 In Baudrillard’s [1994] terms, I would hesitate to describe the discipline as a simulcrae, but I do not be lieve that the connaissance knowledge currently reflects an accurate simulation of the savoir knowledge of, or the savoir activities of, entrepreneurship. I would suggest that some disciplinic exclusions do hinder the development of an accurate simulation, especially when the discipline of entrepreneurship comes into conflict with the discipline of management. 5.2.10 Is the discipline dubious? Yes, it is dubious, but that is not a problem. Foucault [cited in Dreyfus and Rabbinow, 1983] also considered clinical medicine to be dubious; however it is possible that technological advances in that area, may have done much to reduce such dubiety. The same is possible in the discipline of entrepreneurship. Being a dubious discipline may be a temporal phase, that as the discipline evolves in the various stages from its emergence and finally passes through adolescence, becomes less of an issue. 5.2.11 Entrepreneurship is primarily, as per my heffalump model, about human activity. As such, it resides in less-than-objective realms. But academic approaches to the study of suc h do mains need to retain their objectivity, i.e. good academic form, in order for the discipline to evolve past adolescence. The gravitas inherent in the discipline should be app lied in that direction rather than in the overt cons truction and preservation of ‘patches’ and attempting to generate additional definitions of entrepreneurship. The acceptance that 223
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Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
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2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
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Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
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Abstract In this study, I consider
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others), this finding should not be
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ehabilitated version of prejudice.
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1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
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The suggestion herein is that merel
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Nietzsche it comes to Foucault’s
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introduced in the next section). I
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1.2.03 This structure of this chapt
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1.2.1.07 In this dissertation I am
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1.2.3.01 Taking a n alternative int
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1.3 Positionality 1.3.00 By conduct
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dominate our world” [Rabinow, 199
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1.4 Structure of this dissertation
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arise if the construction of the di
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without any reference to epistemic
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2.1.1.06 The difference between an
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2.1.1.11 Smith [2003], comments tha
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2.1.2.03 Husserl used the term ‘i
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2.1.2.12 However I believe that it
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truth. ….. My problem is roughly
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The division between true and false
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have become a tool used in the exer
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2.1.4.05 Conformity to form is a in
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ejecting or accepting articles for
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Graphic 2c Foucault’s Triangle -
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[Foucault, 1980, p93]. If for some
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2.2.2.03 External to bot h the disc
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Foucault’s eventual reply to Gros
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Graphic 2d Model B - Depicting four
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In short, there is a problem of the
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Graphic 2e Model B - Including effe
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2.3.2.03 In Model B in Graphic 2e t
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While Foucault [2004] does, in The
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2.3.3.10 Given Leibniz’s ideas on
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2.4 Ontologies 2.4.1 Ontologies as
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ontologies, without such a simplist
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of the epistemology followed, e.g.
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thematic conceptualisation, or as p
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Graphic 2i Model H3 - Showing the l
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does discuss the various failings o
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primary power have, a tertiary powe
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2.5. Analysing the Discipline of En
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• being apparent in the perceived
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mass and it would appear that it wa
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Later in 2001, Low suggested the em
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2.5.2.2.06 O’Connor, Cherry and B
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compared with overall trends struct
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for each has also been dependent up
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of clear segregation or differentia
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2.5.3.08 Sciascia and De Vita [2004
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articles that show a predominance o
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structure to the episteme of manage
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Venkataraman (1997) argues that ...
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is being discussed is epistemically
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discourse-objects as discussed in s
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delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Position Stat
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collection process which provided a
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in ‘horses for courses’ or, to
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work. However, it may be that for a
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Philosophy ….. does not consist i
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could be termed cross or inter-disc
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3.2 Data Collection Processes / Met
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3.2.1.05 However, a closer look at
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Graphic 3a Bar chart of numbers of
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collective 13,000 citations accordi
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chronological sequence. This gave a
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3.2.3.02 b. 3.2.3.04 Graphic 3f is
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e) Some dual or more articles by on
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Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel [1
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Part Four: Empirics 4.1 Interpretat
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4.1.1.02 The first interesting prel
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number of mis-spellings and errors
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Vo lu me: 34 Issue: 1 1956 20. Jour
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4.1.3.02 The top 21 journals listed
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various journals in Graphic 4a, whi
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4.1.4.01 One important piece of val
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epresentationality of the disciplin
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4.2.1.02 Yet for ‘a rich field of
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some one decides in a planned manne
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4.2.3.03 I developed eight expressi
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Graphic Eight expressions of what
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4.3 The 87,060 aliran of entreprene
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in France in the 18 th and 19 th ce
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said that the seeds of genesis for
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develop ment of the discipline. Inn
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4.3.4 Behaviouralism and methodolog
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Page 230 and 231: • A greater emphasis between new-
Page 232 and 233: 5.1.09 A fascinating aspect of this
Page 234 and 235: Graphic 5b Three dimensional positi
Page 238 and 239: the discipline is indeed dubious ma
Page 240 and 241: 5.3.03 What has fur ther emerged fr
Page 242 and 243: 1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
Page 244 and 245: DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
Page 246 and 247: COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
Page 248 and 249: WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
Page 250 and 251: DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
Page 252 and 253: CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
Page 254 and 255: KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
Page 256 and 257: HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
Page 258 and 259: PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
Page 260 and 261: LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
Page 262 and 263: References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
Page 264 and 265: from a process study, Management Sc
Page 266 and 267: Foss, N., Klein, P., Kor, Y. and Ma
Page 268 and 269: Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
Page 270 and 271: Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
Page 272 and 273: Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
Page 274 and 275: Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
Page 276: Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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