Mapping the aliran of the academic discipline of entrepreneurship: A ...

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ZHOU 1992 LIGHT 1995 PORTES 1995 BARRETT Jones, McEvoy 1996 CHINATOWN SOCIOECONO RACE ETHNICITY ENTRE EC SOCIOLOGY IMMIGRA URBAN STUD, V33, P783 FAIRLIE Meyer, 1996 J HUM RESOUR, V31 23 SANDERS Nee 1996 WALDINGER 1996 BATES 1997 REYNOLDS 1997 AM SOCIOL REV, V61, STILL PROMISED CITY RACE SELF- EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL PROC FAIRLIE 1999 J LABOR ECON, V17 14 RATH BLANCHFLOWER Oswald, Stutzer 1998 - 2000 IMMIGRANT BUSINESSES 14 39 15 17 17 16 14 14 14 2001 EUR ECON REV, V45 14 reconsideration of race and economics. Chinatown: the socioeconomic potential of an urban enclave, Race, ethnicity and entrepreneurship in urban America The economic sociology of. immigration Ethnic minority business: Theoretical discourse in Britain and North America Ethnic and racial self-employ ment differences and possible explanations Immigrant self-employ ment: The family as social capital and the value of human capital Still the promised city?: African- Americans and n ew immigrants in postindustrial New York Race, self-employment, and upward mobility: An illusive American dream The entrepreneurial process: Economic growth, men, women, and minorities The absence of the African- American owned business: An analysis of the dynamics of selfemployment Immigrant businesses: The economic, political and social environment Latent entrepreneurship across nations 4.3.10.03 Other high gravitas figures in this sub-aliran besides Light are Waldinger, Aldr ich, Portes, Wilson and Bonacich. Collectively the gravitas of this sub-aliran makes it significant and it cannot be doubted that some of the works are considered important in the aliran. The savoir aspects of the prevalent utilization of case studies as discussed in section 4.3.4 done tend to provide credibility to the work. Furthermore the extroversion of the sub-aliran and its connected-ness to ot her sub-aliran assist to present a more holistic approach to the discipline, underscoring the importance of the strength of the interstices between the ontologies. 4.3.10.04 However, having sung the above praises of this sub-aliran, I do get a sense that there is something of a ‘cop-out’ in the sub-aliran. As discussed in section 4.3.10.00 the ease of study of a small business and the ‘apparency’ of the ethnic entrepreneur make 204
it a soft target of study. Yao [in Menko ff, 2002, p234] discusses the ‘fetishized notion of culture’ and the ethni city in the sub-aliran is in danger of generating the similar stereotypes that Yao discusses. The concept of the hard working immigr ant, the ‘magic’ of the ‘guanxi’ of the Chinese, Japanese work habits, the difficulties faced by Blacks / African Americans in the United States and so forth, are possibly reinforced by such studies. These possible stereotypes make me question whether these studies are only applicable to specific races / ethnicities. Whether they do contribute to entrepreneurship in general is somehow questionable. 4.3.10.05 I acknowledge the abo ve comment is influenced by my own experience. I could be classified as an ethnic, immigrant business person. While being Caucasian I have moved to non-white parts of the world in South East Asia to conduct business. Assumptions that the colour of my skin and the myt h that I have a network of white business peop le helping my own business, is something that I come across freque ntly. The reality is that my skin colour, while helping me gain initial contact in some cases, is of little value after that first impression, because I have to work hard to prove my business worth and convince people that my business services will be long term and not just temporary. Furthermore, I see the business network amongs t an enclave of similar hued people or people with similar origins as a myth – in my experience I have to work just as hard as anyone else in the same field. 4.3.10.06 In some ways I believe that this concept of ‘work’ is missing in the discipline of entrepreneurship. Pio [2008] uses the term ‘work’ in the title of her book ‘Sari: Indian women at work in New Zealand’. This text fits into the ethnic sub-aliran yet the approach is more conversant with my discussions above regarding the polar scale between ‘corporate’ and ‘small businesses’ between the traditional approach to entrepreneurship and the attempted directions to expa nd entrepreneurship in the ‘corporate’ sense. Pio’s case studies include those from the traditional entrepreneurial field as well as those from a more corporate aspect as well as the social aspects of entrepreneurship. The common theme besides ethnicity and gender is ‘work’ whether this be a small business person, a teacher, a self-employed person, a person working in a larger firm and so forth. The concept of 205
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Mapp ing the aliran of the academic
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2.5.2.1 Adolescent angst and acne 8
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Tables of Graphics Table of Graphic
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Attestation of Authorship I hereby
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Gravitas The concept of gravitas im
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Abstract In this study, I consider
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others), this finding should not be
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ehabilitated version of prejudice.
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1.1.1.03 The discipline’s influen
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The suggestion herein is that merel
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Nietzsche it comes to Foucault’s
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introduced in the next section). I
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1.2.03 This structure of this chapt
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1.2.1.07 In this dissertation I am
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1.2.3.01 Taking a n alternative int
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1.3 Positionality 1.3.00 By conduct
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dominate our world” [Rabinow, 199
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1.4 Structure of this dissertation
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arise if the construction of the di
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without any reference to epistemic
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2.1.1.06 The difference between an
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2.1.1.11 Smith [2003], comments tha
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2.1.2.03 Husserl used the term ‘i
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2.1.2.12 However I believe that it
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truth. ….. My problem is roughly
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The division between true and false
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have become a tool used in the exer
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2.1.4.05 Conformity to form is a in
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ejecting or accepting articles for
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Graphic 2c Foucault’s Triangle -
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[Foucault, 1980, p93]. If for some
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2.2.2.03 External to bot h the disc
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Foucault’s eventual reply to Gros
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Graphic 2d Model B - Depicting four
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In short, there is a problem of the
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Graphic 2e Model B - Including effe
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2.3.2.03 In Model B in Graphic 2e t
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While Foucault [2004] does, in The
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2.3.3.10 Given Leibniz’s ideas on
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2.4 Ontologies 2.4.1 Ontologies as
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ontologies, without such a simplist
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of the epistemology followed, e.g.
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thematic conceptualisation, or as p
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Graphic 2i Model H3 - Showing the l
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does discuss the various failings o
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primary power have, a tertiary powe
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2.5. Analysing the Discipline of En
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• being apparent in the perceived
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mass and it would appear that it wa
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Later in 2001, Low suggested the em
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2.5.2.2.06 O’Connor, Cherry and B
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compared with overall trends struct
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for each has also been dependent up
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of clear segregation or differentia
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2.5.3.08 Sciascia and De Vita [2004
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articles that show a predominance o
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structure to the episteme of manage
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Venkataraman (1997) argues that ...
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is being discussed is epistemically
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discourse-objects as discussed in s
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delimitations. Yet Foucault also of
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3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Position Stat
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collection process which provided a
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in ‘horses for courses’ or, to
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work. However, it may be that for a
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Philosophy ….. does not consist i
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could be termed cross or inter-disc
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3.2 Data Collection Processes / Met
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3.2.1.05 However, a closer look at
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Graphic 3a Bar chart of numbers of
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collective 13,000 citations accordi
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chronological sequence. This gave a
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3.2.3.02 b. 3.2.3.04 Graphic 3f is
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e) Some dual or more articles by on
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Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel [1
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Part Four: Empirics 4.1 Interpretat
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4.1.1.02 The first interesting prel
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number of mis-spellings and errors
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Vo lu me: 34 Issue: 1 1956 20. Jour
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4.1.3.02 The top 21 journals listed
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various journals in Graphic 4a, whi
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4.1.4.01 One important piece of val
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epresentationality of the disciplin
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Page 242 and 243: 1995 INNOVATIO N KUHN 1962 - 1996 S
Page 244 and 245: DEVRIES 1977 J MANAGE STUD, V14 JN
Page 246 and 247: COHEN Cohen,West, Aiken 1983 BUS RE
Page 248 and 249: WALDINGER 1986 - 1988 CAPITALIS M E
Page 250 and 251: DOSI 1988 DUBINI 1988 DUNNE Roberts
Page 252 and 253: CHANDLER Takashi 1990 COHEN Leventh
Page 254 and 255: KALLEBERG Leicht 1991 ACAD MANAGE J
Page 256 and 257: HORNSBY JAFFE Naffziger, Kuratko, M
Page 258 and 259: PALICH Bagby 1995 J BUS VENTURING ,
Page 260 and 261: LANE Lyles, Salk 1998 MARKETIN G, V
Page 262 and 263: References Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D
Page 264 and 265: from a process study, Management Sc
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Hisrich, R. and Peters, M. [1998].
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Light, I. [1972]. Ethnic enterprise
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Mulhall, S. [2005]. Routledge philo
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Senge, P. [1990]. The fifth discipl
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Inc., Indianapolis. Weber, M. [1992
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